WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
The Western Digital PC SN720 NVMe SSD 256GB SN720 SDAPNTW-256G is a high end M.2 2280 SSD based on a Sandisk/WD controller with 8 channels. It is specified at 3000 MB/s read and 1600 MB/s write and a TBW of 200 TB. The mean time between failures (MTBF) is rated at 1.75 mio hours and WD offers a 5 year warranty to consumers. It was introduced early 2019.
Type SSD Size M.2 2280 Capacity 256 GB Interface NVMe Announced 18.07.2019
Benchmarks
min: 767 avg: 1042 median: 1041.5 (17%) max: 1316 MB/s
...
Samsung SM951 MZVPV512HDGL m.2 PCI-e -1%
SK Hynix HFM512GD3JX013N 0%
ADATA XPG Gammix S11L 1024GB 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
CUKUSA 1 TB SATA SSD Q0526A 0%
SK hynix PC400 512 GB 1%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ 1%
Samsung SSD 960 Evo 250GB m.2 NVMe 2%
...
min: 284.2 avg: 486.6 median: 486.6 (18%) max: 689 MB/s
...
Toshiba XG5-P KXG50PNV2T04 -2%
2x Samsung SSD 960 Pro 1TB m.2 NVMe (RAID 0) -1%
Intel SSD 660p 1TB SSDPEKNW010T8 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Toshiba KBG40ZNV512G 5%
...
min: 1554 avg: 1597 median: 1596.5 (14%) max: 1639 MB/s
...
Asura Genesis Xtreme NVMe M.2 SSD 1 TB -3%
SK hynix PC401 NVMe 500 GB -3%
Silicon Motion PCIe-8 SSD -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Samsung SSD PM961 1TB M.2 PCIe 3.0 x4 NVMe (MZVLW1T0) 0%
Kingston OM8PGP4512Q-A0 1%
...
2x Intel SSD 660p 1TB SSDPEKNW010T8 (RAID 0) 118%
min: 1858 avg: 2161 median: 2160.5 (23%) max: 2463 Points
Seagate Momentus 5400.6 ST9250315AS -99%
...
Toshiba KBG30ZMT512G -4%
Toshiba BG3 KBG30ZMS512G -3%
Samsung MZFLV256 NVMe -2%
4x Toshiba HG6 THNSNJ256G8NU (RAID 0) -2%
Transcend TS1TMTE850 -1%
Kingston SA1000M8240G 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Toshiba XG5 KXG50ZNV512G 0%
SK hynix PC401 NVMe 500 GB 1%
Samsung SM951 MZVPV256 m.2 1%
Samsung SSD SM951 512 GB MZHPV512HDGL 2%
Toshiba KBG40ZNS256G NVMe 2%
Samsung SSD 950 Pro 256GB m.2 NVMe 2%
Samsung SM951 MZVPV512 m.2 PCI-e 2%
Samung SM951 MZVPV128 NVMe 2%
...
min: 673 avg: 800 median: 800 (14%) max: 927 Points
Samsung SpinPoint M8 HN-M101MBB -99%
...
Kioxia BG5 KBG5AZNT256G -6%
Kingston SA1000M8240G -2%
Intel SSDPEMKF512G8 NVMe SSD -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
4x Toshiba HG6 THNSNJ256G8NU (RAID 0) 0%
SK hynix SSD Canvas SC300 HFS256GD9MNE-6200A 2%
Kingston RBUSNS8154P3512GJ1 3%
SK hynix PC300 HFS512GD9MND 5%
...
min: 813 avg: 923 median: 923 (25%) max: 1033 Points
...
SK Hynix PC300 NVMe 256 GB -5%
Samsung PM971 KUS040202M -4%
4x Toshiba HG6 THNSNJ256G8NU (RAID 0) -4%
Samsung MZFLV128 NVMe -3%
SK hynix PC401 NVMe 500 GB -3%
Samsung SM951 MZHPV512HDGL m.2 PCI-e -1%
Kingston SA1000M8240G 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
2x Intel SSD 660p SSDPEKNW512G8 (RAID 0) 1%
Kioxia BG5 KBG5AZNV512G 1%
Crucial P1 SSD CT1000P1SSD8 2%
Sabrent Rocket Q 1TB RKT30Q.1 3%
Kingston RBUSNS8154P3512GJ 3%
...
AS SSD - Access Time Write *
min: 0.025 avg: 0 median: 0 (0%) max: 0.037 ms
...
2x Samsung SM951 MZVPV256HDGL (RAID 0) 0%
Kingston OM8PGP4512Q-A0 0%
2x Samsung SSD 960 Pro 1TB m.2 NVMe (RAID 0) 0%
Transcend M.2 SSD 2200S TS512GMTE220S 0%
2x Toshiba NVMe THNSN5256GPU7 (RAID 0) 0%
Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB 0%
Samsung SSD PM841 MZMTD512HAGL 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
LiteOn CX2-8B256 3%
Samsung SSD 850 EVO mSATA 500GB 3%
Lite-On CA3-8D512 3%
...
Seagate Momentus Thin ST500LT012-9WS142 + 32 GB LiteOn LMT-32L3M SSD Cache 195706%
AS SSD - Access Time Read *
min: 0.065 avg: 0.1 median: 0.1 (0%) max: 0.076 ms
...
SanDisk SD8SNAT256G1122 -2%
Toshiba KBG30ZPZ256G -2%
Samsung PM951 NVMe MZ-VLV256D -1%
Kingston OM8PGP4512Q-A0 -1%
SanDisk SDSSDA240G -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Toshiba BG4 KBG40ZPZ512G 0%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB256HAHQ 0%
Plextor PX-G128M6e 1%
Samsung SSD XP941 MZHPU512HCGL 1%
Micron SSD 1100 SED 512GB, M.2 (MTFDDAV512TBN) 1%
Samsung PM971 KUS030202M 1%
...
Toshiba MK7575GSX 39049%
min: 416.7 avg: 494.9 median: 494.9 (10%) max: 573 MB/s
ADATA DashDrive Durable HD650 USB 3.0 -100%
...
2x Micron M600 MTFDDAV128MBF NVMe (RAID 0) -7%
3x Kingston RBU-SNS8100S3128GD (RAID 0) -4%
WDC PC SN520 SDAPNUW-256G -3%
2x Lite-On LMT-128L9M (RAID 0) -2%
Intel SSD 600p SSDPEKKW512G7 -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
2x Samsung SSD PM951 MZVLV256HCHP (RAID 0) 4%
Toshiba XG5 KXG50ZNV512G 4%
Samsung MZFLV512 NVMe 5%
2x Lite-On LMT-256L9M (RAID 0) 5%
3x Lite-On LMT-128M6M (RAID 0) 8%
Intel SSDPEMKF512G8 NVMe SSD 9%
...
min: 513 avg: 608 median: 608 (20%) max: 703 MB/s
...
Toshiba KBG30ZMV256G -5%
Intel SSD 660p 1TB SSDPEKNW010T8 -4%
2x Toshiba HG6 THNSNJ256G8NU (RAID 0) -3%
Toshiba THNSF5256GPUK -3%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Toshiba NVMe THNSN5256GPU7 1%
Apple SSD SD0256F 2%
Apple SSD SM0512G 2%
4x Micron M600 MTFDDAV512MBF M.2 (RAID 0) 2%
SK Hynix PC300 NVMe 512 GB 2%
Kioxia BG5 KBG5AZNT256G 2%
ADATA XPG Gammix S11L 1024GB 2%
Lenovo UMIS AM610 RPFTJ256PDD2MWX 3%
...
min: 104.9 avg: 126.7 median: 126.7 (35%) max: 148.4 MB/s
ADATA DashDrive Durable HD650 USB 3.0 -100%
...
2x Samsung SSD 970 Pro 512GB (RAID 0) -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
WDC PC SN520 SDAPNUW-512G 0%
Samsung PM991 MZVLQ512HBLU 1%
Intel SSD 660p 2TB SSDPEKNW020T8 1%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB2T0HMLB 2%
Intel SSD 660p SSDPEKNW512G8 2%
...
min: 39.16 avg: 43.8 median: 43.8 (14%) max: 48.5 MB/s
...
SK Hynix PC401 512GB M.2 (HFS512GD9TNG) -1%
2x Samsung SSD 960 Pro 1TB m.2 NVMe (RAID 0) 0%
2x Samsung SSD 970 Pro 512GB (RAID 0) 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Kingston RBUSNS8180S3128GI1 0%
Samsung SM951 MZVPV256 m.2 1%
Toshiba BG4 KBG40ZPZ256G 1%
Samsung PM991 MZVLQ512HBLU 1%
2x Samsung SM951 MZVPV512HDGL (RAID 0) 1%
...
Intel Optane 32 GB MEMPEK1W032GA 508%
AS SSD - Sequential Write
min: 1518 avg: 1788 median: 1787.5 (21%) max: 2057 MB/s
...
Transcend M.2 SSD 2200S TS512GMTE220S -4%
SK Hynix HFM512GD3JX013N -1%
ESO512GYLCT 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Sabrent Rocket Q 1TB RKT30Q.1 4%
Apple SSD SM1024L 4%
Samsung PM991a MZ9LQ1T0HBLB-00BKN 5%
...
min: 2607 avg: 2710 median: 2709.5 (27%) max: 2812 MB/s
...
Lite-On CA3-8D512 -2%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
SK Hynix HFS512 GDE9X081N 1%
2x Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB1T0HALR (RAID 0) 1%
SK Hynix PC711 1TB HFS001TDE9X073N 1%
Transcend M.2 SSD 2200S TS512GMTE220S 2%
...
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - 4K QD32 Write
246.2 MB/s (30%)
WDC Scorpio Blue WD5000BPVT-80HXZT1 -100%
...
Liteonit LCH-256V2S -1%
Micron M600 MTFDDAK512MBF -1%
ADATA AXNS381E-256GM-B -1%
Samsung SSD PM851 256 GB MZ7TE256HMHP -1%
Kingston RBU-SNS8180DS3512GJ -1%
Samsung MZRPC256HADR-000SO -1%
Samsung SSD 750 EVO 250 GB 0%
Lite-On LAT-256M3S 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Intel SSD 521 Series SSDSCMMW240A3L SFF 0%
Samsung SSD 840 250GB MZ7TD256HAFV 1%
Apple SSD SM0512F 1%
Plextor PX-256M5M 1%
Kingston RBU-SNS8100S3128GD 1%
Lite-On CA3-8D256-Q11 1%
Intel SSD 335 SSDSC2CT180A4 2%
Samsung SSD PM871 MZNLN256HCHP 2%
SK Hynix HFS256G3BTND 2%
...
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - 4K QD32 Read
341.1 MB/s (32%)
WD Blue UltraSlim WD5000MPCK-22AWHT0 -100%
...
Hynix HFS128G39TND -1%
Kingston RBUSNS8154P3512GJ -1%
Samsung SM951 MZHPV256HDGL m.2 PCI-e -1%
Samsung SSD 750 EVO 250 GB -1%
Crucial M500 480 GB CT480M500SSD3 mSATA 0%
Toshiba THNSNF128GCSS 0%
Samsung SSD PM851 M.2 2280 128GB 0%
Samsung SSD PM871 MZ7LN512HCHP 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Samsung SSD PM841 MZMTD256HAGM 0%
OCZ Vector 150 240 GB 0%
Apple SSD SM0256F 0%
Lite-On IT L8T-256L9G 0%
Crucial M500 240 GB CT240M500SSD1 1%
Samsung SSD PM871 MZNLN256HCHP 1%
Corsair Neutron GTX SSD 1%
SanDisk X400 M.2 2280 256GB 1%
Samsung SSD SM951 512 GB MZHPV512HDGL 1%
...
Intel Optane 32 GB MEMPEK1W032GA 160%
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - 4K Write
129.7 MB/s (15%)
Seagate Mobile HDD 1TB ST1000LX015-1U7172 -100%
...
Toshiba NVMe THNSF5512GPUK -2%
Toshiba KBG30ZMV512G -1%
Crucial M500 240 GB CT240M500SSD3 mSATA -1%
Intel SSD 660p SSDPEKNW512G8 -1%
SK Hynix PC300 NVMe 512 GB -1%
Samsung PM951 NVMe MZ-VLV256D -1%
WDC PC SN520 SDAPNUW-512G -1%
2x Kingston SMSR150S3256G (RAID 0) -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW010T8 1%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ 1%
Toshiba KBG40ZNS256G NVMe 2%
Toshiba XG4 NVMe (THNSN5512GPUK) 2%
...
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - 4K Read
35.7 MB/s (1%)
...
Samsung SSD PM871 MZ7LN128HCHP -2%
Samsung SSD PM851 128 GB MZMTE128HMGR -1%
Liteon IT LCS-256L9S-11 -1%
Toshiba THNSF5256GPUK -1%
Samsung CM871a MZNTY256HDHP -1%
Samsung MZYTY256HDHP -1%
Samsung SSD SM841 128GB -1%
2x Lite-On IT L8T-256L9G (RAID 0) 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Liteon CA1-8D512 0%
WDC PC SN520 SDAPNUW-256G 0%
SK hynix PC401 HFS256GD9TNG 1%
Samsung MZFLV128 NVMe 1%
Toshiba NVMe THNSN5256GPU7 2%
WDC PC SN520 SDAPMUW-512 2%
Kingston RBU-SNS4180S3256GG 3%
Toshiba KXG5AZNV256G 3%
...
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - 512K Write
623 MB/s (15%)
...
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW256G8 -5%
Toshiba KBG30ZMV512G -3%
Toshiba KBG30ZMV256G -3%
Toshiba NVMe THNSN5128GP -2%
2x Toshiba HG6 THNSNJ128G8NU (RAID 0) -2%
2x Lite-On LMT-128M6M (RAID 0) -2%
2x Transcend SSD370 mSATA 256GB (RAID 0) -2%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
2x Lite-On CMT-128L3M (RAID 0) 0%
SK hynix BC501 HFM512GDHTNG-8310A 3%
2x Lite-On LMT-128L9M (RAID 0) 3%
Lexar NM610 500GB 5%
SK Hynix PC300 NVMe 512 GB 6%
Samsung SM951 MZHPV128 m.2 PCI-e 8%
Apple SSD SD0256F 9%
Apple SSD SM0128G 9%
2x Lite-On IT L8T-256L9G (RAID 0) 9%
...
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - 512K Read
1339 MB/s (44%)
...
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW256G8 -4%
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW512G8 -4%
Samsung SSD PM981a MZVLB256HBHQ -3%
Intel SSD 600p SSDPEKKW512G8L -3%
ESO512GYLCT -2%
Toshiba KBG40ZNS512G NVMe -2%
Intel Optane 32 GB MEMPEK1W032GA 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW020T8 4%
Samsung SSD 980 1TB MZ-V8V1T0BW 5%
2x Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB1T0HALR (RAID 0) 11%
2x Samsung SM951 MZVPV512HDGL (RAID 0) 20%
...
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - Sequential Write
1616 MB/s (38%)
...
Samsung SSD SM951a 512GB M.2 PCIe 3.0 x4 NVMe (MZVKV512) -4%
Apple SSD SM0512G -4%
Samsung SM951 MZVPV512 m.2 PCI-e -3%
Samsung SM951 MZVPV512HDGL m.2 PCI-e -3%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB 2%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ 2%
...
CrystalDiskMark 3.0 - Sequential Read
1801 MB/s (44%)
...
Samsung SM951 MZVPV512 m.2 PCI-e -4%
SK Hynix PC401 512GB M.2 (HFS512GD9TNG) -3%
Samsung SSD PM961 1TB M.2 PCIe 3.0 x4 NVMe (MZVLW1T0) -2%
Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB1T0HALR 2%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB256HAHQ 2%
Toshiba XG5 KXG50ZNV256G 2%
Samsung SSD PM981a MZVLB256HBHQ 7%
...
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5/6 Write 4K
148 MB/s (13%)
Western Digital Scorpio Blue WD5000LPCX-24C6HT0 -100%
...
Intel SSD 660p 2TB SSDPEKNW020T8 -3%
SK Hynix PC401 512GB M.2 (HFS512GD9TNG) -3%
Intel SSD 660p 1TB SSDPEKNW010T8 -2%
Phison PS5013 311CD0512GB -2%
Toshiba NVMe THNSN51T02DUK -2%
Samsung SSD 980 1TB MZ-V8V1T0BW -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW256G8 1%
2x Samsung SSD 970 Pro 512GB (RAID 0) 3%
...
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5/6 Read 4K
43.7 MB/s (1%)
Western Digital Scorpio Blue WD5000LPCX-24C6HT0 -100%
...
SK Hynix PC601 NVMe 512 GB -2%
Samsung PM971 KUS040202M -2%
FORESEE P902F001TB 0%
Samsung PM961 NVMe MZVLW128HEGR 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Samsung SSD 980 1TB MZ-V8V1T0BW 0%
Toshiba KBG30ZPZ512G 0%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ 1%
2x Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB1T0HALR (RAID 0) 1%
WDC PC SN520 SDAPNUW-512G 1%
Samsung SSD PM951 MZVLV256HCHP 1%
...
Intel Optane 32 GB MEMPEK1W032GA 692%
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5 Write Seq
1617 MB/s (9%)
Western Digital Scorpio Blue WD5000LPCX-24C6HT0 -99%
...
ADATA XPG Gammix S11 480GB -2%
Intel SSD 660p 2TB SSDPEKNW020T8 -2%
Kingston OM8PCP31024F -1%
Lite-On CA3-8D512 -1%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
...
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5 Read Seq
1753 MB/s (21%)
...
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ -2%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
SK Hynix PC401 512GB M.2 (HFS512GD9TNG) 0%
Toshiba BG4 KBG40ZPZ512G 1%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB1T0HALR 1%
...
1x Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ + 2x Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW512G8 (RAID 0) 207%
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5/6 Write 4K Q32T1
246.3 MB/s (9%)
Western Digital Scorpio Blue WD5000LPCX-24C6HT0 -100%
...
SanDisk SD9SN8W256G1002 -4%
Micron SSD 1100 SED 512GB, M.2 (MTFDDAV512TBN) -3%
SK hynix BC501 HFM128GDJTNG-831 -3%
Toshiba KSG60ZMV512G -3%
Samsung SSD PM871b MZNLN256HAJQ -1%
Lenovo LENSE20256GMSP34MEAT2TA 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
SanDisk SD8SN8U512G1002 0%
Toshiba BG3 KBG30ZMS512G 1%
Apple SSD SM0128G 1%
Ramaxel RTNTE256PCA8EADL 1%
SanDisk SD8SN8U256G1027 1%
Intel SSD 600p SSDPEKKW128G7 2%
Toshiba KBG30ZMV256G 3%
...
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5/6 Read 4K Q32T1
368 MB/s (6%)
WDC Blue WD10SPZX-24Z10T0 -100%
...
Lite-On CA3-8D256-Q11 -3%
Toshiba KBG40ZNS256G NVMe -2%
Samsung MZFLW1T0HMLH -2%
Lenovo LENSE20256GMSP34MEAT2TA -2%
ADATA XPG Gammix S11 480GB -1%
Toshiba KBG30ZMT512G 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Toshiba BG4 KBG40ZPZ256G 1%
Transcend TS1TMTE850 1%
Samsung SSD PM981a MZVLB256HBHQ 1%
Toshiba KBG20ZMS256G 2%
...
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5/6 Write Seq Q32T1
1618 MB/s (16%)
...
Intel SSD 600p SSDPEKKW512G8L -4%
Phison PS5013 311CD0512GB -3%
Samsung PM991 MZVLQ512HBLU -2%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Lite-On CA3-8D512 1%
ADATA XPG Gammix S11 480GB 2%
Intel SSD 660p 1TB SSDPEKNW010T8 2%
...
CrystalDiskMark 5.2 / 6 - CDM 5/6 Read Seq Q32T1
3027 MB/s (24%)
...
Lite-On CA3-8D256-Q11 -1%
Apple SSD SM0256L 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Toshiba XG5-P KXG50PNV2T04 1%
3x Samsung SSD 970 Pro 512GB (RAID 0) 2%
Samsung SSD 960 Evo 250GB m.2 NVMe 2%
Toshiba KXG5AZNV1T02 2%
2x Intel SSD 660p 1TB SSDPEKNW010T8 (RAID 0) 3%
...
DiskSpd - DiskSpd Loop seq_q8t1_read
3183 MB/s (24%)
Toshiba 064G93 64 GB eMMC -95%
...
Samsung SSD 980 1TB MZ-V8V1T0BW -1%
Kingston OM8PGP4512Q-A0 -1%
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW512G8 -1%
Silicon Motion PCIe-8 SSD 0%
WDC PC SN720 SDAPNTW-256G
Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB 0%
Intel SSD 760p SSDPEKKW010T8 0%
Phison Electronics PS5012 2%
Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB2T0HMLB 2%
...
- Range of benchmark values for this graphics card
- Average benchmark values for this graphics card
* Smaller numbers mean a higher performance
v1.22
log 01. 01:40:27
#0 no ids found in url (should be separated by "_") +0s ... 0s
#1 not redirecting to Ajax server +0s ... 0s
#2 did not recreate cache, as it is less than 5 days old! Created at Mon, 30 Jan 2023 18:02:06 +0100 +0.001s ... 0.001s
#3 composed specs +0.005s ... 0.006s
#4 did output specs +0s ... 0.006s
#5 getting avg benchmarks for device 3415 +0.002s ... 0.007s
#6 got single benchmarks 3415 +0.006s ... 0.014s
#7 got avg benchmarks for devices +0s ... 0.014s
#8 min, max, avg, median took s +0.781s ... 0.795s
#9 return log +0.01s ... 0.805s
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Klaus Hinum (Update: 2020-05-19)