Qualcomm Adreno 610 vs Qualcomm Adreno 640 vs Qualcomm Adreno 616
Qualcomm Adreno 610 ► remove from comparison
The Qualcomm Adreno 610 is a mobile graphics card for mid-range smartphones and tablets (mostly Android based). It is included in the Qualcomm Snapdragon 665 SoCs and based on the Adreno 600 architecture (like the Adreno 630 , which should be fully compatible in software).
In synthetic benchmarks, the Adreno 610 positions itself between the old Adreno 510 and Adreno 512 / 612
The GPU supports modern standards like Vulkan 1.0 (according to Wikipedia), OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0 and DirectX 11 (FL 11_1).
Qualcomm Adreno 640 ► remove from comparison
The Qualcomm Adreno 640 is a smartphone and tablet GPU that is integrated within the Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 SoC. The chip will be available from early 2019 and will be used mainly in high-end Android devices.
According to Qualcomm, the Adreno 640 GPU offers a 20% improved performance over the Adreno 630, its predecessor, which is integrated in the Snapdragon 845 SoC. The enhanced performance is achieved by the Adreno 640 having 50% more FP16 and FP32 compute units (ALUs) than the Adreno 630, while its 7 nm FinFET manufacturing process makes it 20% more efficient too.
The Adreno 640 will also support the Vulkan 1.1 API, something which is possible for other Adreno 600 series GPUs too.
Qualcomm Adreno 616 ► remove from comparison
The Qualcomm Adreno 616 is a mobile graphics card for upper mid-range smartphones and tablets (mostly Android based). It is included in the Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 SoCs and based on the Adreno 600 architecture (like the Adreno 630, which should be fully compatible in software).
According to Qualcomm up to 30% faster than the previous generation (Adreno 512 in the Snapdragon 660 ).
The GPU supports modern standards like Vulkan 1.0 (according to Wikipedia), OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0 and DirectX 11 (FL 11_1).
Qualcomm Adreno 610 Qualcomm Adreno 640 Qualcomm Adreno 616 Adreno 600 Series Architecture Adreno 600 Adreno 600 Shared Memory yes yes yes API DirectX 12.1, OpenGL ES 3.2, Vulkan DirectX 12, OpenGL ES 3.2 DirectX 12.1, OpenGL ES 3.2, Vulkan technology 11 nm 10 nm 14 nm Features OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0, Direct3D 12 (FL 12_1) OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0, DirectX 12, Vulkan 1.1 OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0, Direct3D 12 (FL 12_1) Date of Announcement 09.04.2019 12.02.2018 15.12.2015
Benchmarks 3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Unlimited Graphics
min: 15403 avg: 22761 median: 24487.5 (3%) max: 25351 Points
min: 97354 avg: 108080 median: 106829 (12%) max: 118129 Points
min: 22381 avg: 37106 median: 38288.5 (4%) max: 43514 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot (ES 3.0) Unlimited
min: 975 avg: 1844 median: 1819 (8%) max: 2254 Points
min: 5268 avg: 7441 median: 7659 (33%) max: 8661 Points
min: 2217 avg: 2635 median: 2636 (11%) max: 2859 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot (ES 3.0) Unlimited Graphics
min: 1295 avg: 1746 median: 1737 (4%) max: 2187 Points
min: 6358 avg: 9988 median: 10199 (22%) max: 12070 Points
min: 2146 avg: 2733 median: 2847 (6%) max: 3248 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot Extreme (ES 3.1) Unlimited
min: 267 avg: 1164 median: 1164 (6%) max: 1597 Points
min: 3969 avg: 6014 median: 6182 (31%) max: 6981 Points
min: 1742 avg: 1917 median: 1913.5 (10%) max: 2217 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot Extreme (ES 3.1) Unlimited Graphics
min: 240 avg: 1027 median: 1029.5 (3%) max: 1436 Points
min: 5184 avg: 7016 median: 7072.5 (21%) max: 8218 Points
min: 1611 avg: 1825 median: 1853.5 (6%) max: 2147 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Wild Life Unlimited
min: 205 avg: 402.5 median: 418 (0%) max: 634 Points
min: 3079 avg: 3323 median: 3436 (2%) max: 3455 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Wild Life Extreme Unlimited
min: 100 avg: 119.8 median: 122 (0%) max: 141 Points
min: 864 avg: 936 median: 970 (1%) max: 974 Points
GFXBench - GFXBench 5.0 4K Aztec Ruins High Tier Offscreen
min: 1.1 avg: 1.4 median: 1.4 (1%) max: 1.5 fps
6.6 fps (3%)
GFXBench - GFXBench 5.0 Aztec Ruins High Tier Offscreen
min: 1.4 avg: 2.8 median: 2.8 (1%) max: 3.6 fps
min: 8.5 avg: 17.5 median: 17 (3%) max: 39 fps
min: 4.4 avg: 5.2 median: 5.1 (1%) max: 7.8 fps
GFXBench - GFXBench 5.0 Aztec Ruins Normal Tier Offscreen
min: 5.1 avg: 8.3 median: 8.3 (1%) max: 10.1 fps
min: 16 avg: 40.5 median: 42 (3%) max: 47 fps
min: 12 avg: 13.6 median: 14 (1%) max: 16 fps
GFXBench - GFXBench Car Chase Offscreen
min: 5.2 avg: 7.2 median: 7.2 (1%) max: 8.9 fps
min: 22 avg: 40.2 median: 42 (5%) max: 48 fps
min: 8.5 avg: 12.5 median: 13 (1%) max: 15 fps
GFXBench 3.1 - GFXBench Manhattan ES 3.1 Offscreen
min: 9.3 avg: 13.3 median: 13 (0%) max: 16 fps
min: 35 avg: 64.4 median: 69 (1%) max: 79 fps
min: 19 avg: 22.4 median: 23 (0%) max: 26 fps
GFXBench 3.0 - GFXBench 3.0 Manhattan Offscreen
min: 14 avg: 19.4 median: 19 (1%) max: 24 fps
min: 50 avg: 94.7 median: 99.5 (6%) max: 112 fps
min: 29 avg: 31.8 median: 32 (2%) max: 36 fps
GFXBench (DX / GLBenchmark) 2.7 GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16 + Qualcomm Adreno 610 GFXBench (DX / GLBenchmark) 2.7 - GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16
min: 24 avg: 35.9 median: 36 (0%) max: 45 fps
GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16 + Qualcomm Adreno 640
min: 85 avg: 158.9 median: 166 (1%) max: 185 fps
GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16 + Qualcomm Adreno 616
min: 46 avg: 62.4 median: 65 (1%) max: 74 fps
Antutu v9 - AnTuTu v9 GPU
min: 23743 avg: 39171 median: 38601 (5%) max: 53821 Points
min: 204205 avg: 204715 median: 204715 (26%) max: 205225 Points
Basemark GPU 1.2 - Basemark GPU 1.2 Vulkan Official Medium Offscreen 1080
min: 8.79 avg: 11.7 median: 11.4 (0%) max: 14.76 fps
64.9 fps (0%)
Geekbench 6.2 - Geekbench 6.2 GPU OpenCL
343 Points (0%)
2968 Points (1%)
Geekbench 6.2 - Geekbench 6.2 GPU Vulkan
577 Points (0%)
2419 Points (1%)
PassMark PerformanceTest Mobile V1 - PerformanceTest Mobile V1 2D Graphics Tests
min: 7370 avg: 16213 median: 17873 (18%) max: 21734 Points
min: 10504 avg: 18251 median: 14922.5 (15%) max: 40654 Points
min: 8622 avg: 9428 median: 9192.5 (9%) max: 10698 Points
PassMark PerformanceTest Mobile V1 - PerformanceTest Mobile V1 3D Graphics Tests
min: 1595 avg: 12281 median: 13408 (23%) max: 20711 Points
min: 4244 avg: 11804 median: 5422.5 (9%) max: 44840 Points
min: 2466 avg: 2689 median: 2629.5 (5%) max: 2911 Points
Power Consumption - GFXBench Aztec Ruins Normal Tier Offscreen Power Consumption 150cd *
min: 2.25 avg: 3.5 median: 3 (1%) max: 6.42 Watt
7.8 Watt (3%)
Average Benchmarks Qualcomm Adreno 610 → 100% n=13 Average Benchmarks Qualcomm Adreno 640 → 461% n=13 Average Benchmarks Qualcomm Adreno 616 → 149% n=13
- Range of benchmark values for this graphics card
- Average benchmark values for this graphics card
* Smaller numbers mean a higher performance
1 This benchmark is not used for the average calculation
Game Benchmarks The following benchmarks stem from our benchmarks of review laptops. The performance depends on the used graphics memory, clock rate, processor, system settings, drivers, and operating systems. So the results don't have to be representative for all laptops with this GPU. For detailed information on the benchmark results, click on the fps number.
100%
Adreno 610:
56 59 [X] Vivo Y20s 1.1.0.3585
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
50 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 ~ 59 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
42 59 ~ 51 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
11 14 15 [X] Xiaomi Redmi Pad SE 4.3.0_19705728_19706476
Qualcomm Snapdragon 680 4G 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
7 fps, max:
18 fps
~ 13 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
30 30 30 38 44 [X] Oppo A74 1.59.8
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
33 fps, max:
57 fps
50 [X] Xiaomi Poco M3 1.56.8
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
28 fps, max:
60 fps
53 [X] Lenovo Tab P11 1.57.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
42 fps, max:
60 fps
54 [X] Vivo Y20s 1.55.5
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
42 fps, max:
60 fps
57 57 [X] Nokia 3.4 1.56.8
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
41 fps, max:
60 fps
59 59 60 [X] Motorola Defy 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
53 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] Realme 9i 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 680 4G 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
36 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] Honor Pad 8 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 680 4G 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
54 fps, max:
60 fps
87 ~ 52 fps
58%
Adreno 640:
30 30 [X] Xiaomi Pad 5 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 860 GHz
Adreno 640
min:
30 fps, max:
30 fps
~ 30 fps
120%
Adreno 616:
30 38 [X] Lenovo Z5 Pro Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
26 fps, max:
42 fps
40 ~ 36 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
25 25 25 25 25 25 [X] Vivo Y20s 1.1.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
16 fps, max:
26 fps
25 [X] Xiaomi Poco M3 1.1.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
21 fps, max:
26 fps
25 [X] Nokia 3.4 1.1.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
22 fps, max:
26 fps
25 25 [X] Lenovo Tab P11 1.2.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
18 fps, max:
26 fps
25 25 25 25 [X] Oppo A74 1.4.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
18 fps, max:
27 fps
25 [X] Motorola Defy 1.6.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 662 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
9 fps, max:
26 fps
25 [X] Realme 9i 1.9.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 680 4G 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
24 fps, max:
26 fps
25 25 25 25 [X] Honor Pad 8 2.2.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 680 4G 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
20 fps, max:
26 fps
25 25 25 ~ 25 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
30 30 [X] Motorola Moto G8 1.34.1.10
Qualcomm Snapdragon 665 2.2GHz
Adreno 610
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Nokia 3.4 1.37.1.9
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
60 [X] Xiaomi Mi A3 1.30.2.4
Qualcomm Snapdragon 665 2.2GHz
Adreno 610
min:
49 fps, max:
60 fps
~ 38 fps
158%
Adreno 640:
59 60 [X] OnePlus 7 Pro 1.28.2.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
58 fps, max:
61 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7 1.29.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
59 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] LG G8s ThinQ 1.29.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
59 fps, max:
61 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7T 1.31.1.5
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
59 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7T Pro 1.31.1.5
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
58 fps, max:
60 fps
60 ~ 60 fps
139%
Adreno 616:
31 60 [X] Nokia 8.1 1.27.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
57 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 ~ 53 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
30 30 [X] Motorola Moto G8 1.34.1.10
Qualcomm Snapdragon 665 2.2GHz
Adreno 610
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Nokia 3.4 1.37.1.9
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
60 [X] Xiaomi Mi A3 1.30.2.4
Qualcomm Snapdragon 665 2.2GHz
Adreno 610
min:
28 fps, max:
60 fps
~ 38 fps
150%
Adreno 640:
30 [X] Asus ROG Phone 2 1.32.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
30 fps, max:
31 fps
59 60 [X] OnePlus 7 Pro 1.28.2.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
59 fps, max:
61 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7 1.29.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
58 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] LG G8s ThinQ 1.29.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
53 fps, max:
61 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7T 1.31.1.5
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
1 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7T Pro 1.31.1.5
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
50 fps, max:
60 fps
60 61 [X] Asus ROG Phone 2 1.32.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
60 fps, max:
63 fps
62 [X] Google Pixel 4 1.31.1.5
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
35 fps, max:
63 fps
~ 57 fps
153%
Adreno 616:
54 57 60 [X] Nokia 8.1 1.27.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
8 fps, max:
60 fps
60 ~ 58 fps
Adreno 640:
59 60 [X] OnePlus 7 Pro 1.18.3
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
2 fps, max:
61 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7T Pro 1.19.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
59 fps, max:
60 fps
60 ~ 60 fps
Adreno 616:
59 60 [X] Nokia 8.1 1.16.1
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
57 fps, max:
60 fps
60 ~ 60 fps
Adreno 640:
59 60 [X] OnePlus 7 Pro 1.18.3
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
2 fps, max:
61 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 7T Pro 1.19.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
52 fps, max:
60 fps
60 ~ 60 fps
Adreno 616:
59 60 [X] Nokia 8.1 1.16.1
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
53 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] Oppo R17 Pro 1.18.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
1 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 ~ 60 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
60 60 66 ~ 62 fps
145%
Adreno 640:
60 120 [X] Asus ROG Phone 2 1.6.3
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
118 fps, max:
121 fps
~ 90 fps
81%
Adreno 616:
30 [X] Lenovo Z5 Pro Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
60 60 ~ 50 fps
120%
Adreno 640:
28 [X] LG G8s ThinQ 1.6.3a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
26 fps, max:
30 fps
30 [X] OnePlus 7 Pro 1.5.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] OnePlus 7 1.5.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 [X] OnePlus 7T 1.7.3a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] OnePlus 7T Pro 1.8.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 60 [X] Asus ROG Phone 2 1.8.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
44 fps, max:
61 fps
60 [X] Asus ROG Phone 2 1.8.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
56 fps, max:
61 fps
~ 36 fps
97%
Adreno 616:
26 [X] Lenovo Z5 Pro Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
12 fps, max:
31 fps
29 [X] Nokia 8.1 1.3.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 30 ~ 29 fps
165%
Adreno 640:
28 [X] LG G8s ThinQ 1.6.3a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
24 fps, max:
30 fps
29 30 [X] OnePlus 7 Pro 1.5.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] OnePlus 7 1.5.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 2.8GHz
Adreno 640
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 [X] OnePlus 7T 1.7.3a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 [X] OnePlus 7T Pro 1.8.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
25 fps, max:
31 fps
60 ~ 33 fps
140%
Adreno 616:
22 [X] Lenovo Z5 Pro Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
11 fps, max:
31 fps
27 29 [X] Nokia 8.1 1.3.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
25 fps, max:
31 fps
29 29 [X] Oppo R17 Pro 1.5.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 710 2.2GHz
Adreno 616
min:
2 fps, max:
60 fps
29 30 30 ~ 28 fps
100%
Adreno 610:
60 [X] Vivo Y20s 1.72.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 460 1.8GHz
Adreno 610
min:
40 fps, max:
60 fps
fps
200%
Adreno 640:
120 [X] Asus ROG Phone 2 1.62.1
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
118 fps, max:
121 fps
fps
Adreno 640:
60 120 [X] Asus ROG Phone 2 1.112.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 855+ / 855 Plus GHz
Adreno 640
min:
118 fps, max:
121 fps
~ 90 fps
Average Gaming Qualcomm Adreno 610 → 100% Average Gaming 30-70 fps → 100%
Average Gaming Qualcomm Adreno 640 → 146% Average Gaming 30-70 fps → 153%
Average Gaming Qualcomm Adreno 616 → 121% Average Gaming 30-70 fps → 123%
Qualcomm Adreno 616 low med. high ultra QHD 4K PUBG Mobile 36 30 Arena of Valor 53 58 Shadow Fight 3 60 60 Dead Trigger 2 50 Asphalt 9: Legends 29 28 < 30 fps < 60 fps < 120 fps ≥ 120 fps 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
For more games that might be playable and a list of all games and graphics cards visit our Gaming List
v1.26
log 19. 16:14:11
#0 checking url part for id 9921 +0s ... 0s
#1 checking url part for id 9446 +0s ... 0s
#2 checking url part for id 9401 +0s ... 0s
#3 not redirecting to Ajax server +0s ... 0s
#4 did not recreate cache, as it is less than 5 days old! Created at Sun, 19 May 2024 05:37:06 +0200 +0.001s ... 0.001s
#5 composed specs +0.115s ... 0.116s
#6 did output specs +0s ... 0.116s
#7 start showIntegratedCPUs +0s ... 0.116s
#8 getting avg benchmarks for device 9921 +0.039s ... 0.155s
#9 got single benchmarks 9921 +0.117s ... 0.273s
#10 getting avg benchmarks for device 9446 +0.002s ... 0.274s
#11 got single benchmarks 9446 +0.062s ... 0.336s
#12 getting avg benchmarks for device 9401 +0.002s ... 0.338s
#13 got single benchmarks 9401 +0.033s ... 0.371s
#14 got avg benchmarks for devices +0s ... 0.371s
#15 min, max, avg, median took s +0.156s ... 0.527s
#16 before gaming benchmark output +0s ... 0.527s
#17 Got 215 rows for game benchmarks. +0.048s ... 0.575s
#18 composed SQL query for gamebenchmarks +0s ... 0.575s
#19 got data and put it in $dataArray +0.006s ... 0.581s
#20 benchmarks composed for output. +0.029s ... 0.61s
#21 calculated avg scores. +0s ... 0.61s
#22 return log +0.002s ... 0.612s
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Redaktion, 2017-09- 8 (Update: 2023-07- 1)