Notebookcheck Logo

Intel Processor N200 vs Intel Core i7-6560U vs Intel Processor N100

Intel Processor N200

► remove from comparison Intel N200

The Intel Processor N200 is an entry-level mobile CPU for thin and light laptops from the Alder Lake-N series. It was announced in early 2023 and offers no performance cores and 4 of the 8 efficient cores (E-cores, Gracemont architecture). The chip does not support HyperThreading and clocks with up to 3.7 GHz. The performance of the E-cores should be similar to old Skylake cores (compare to the Core i7-6700HQ). All cores can use up to 6 MB L3-cache. 

Performance

The performance is clearly lower than the Core i3-N300 and N305 due to the reduced core count. Compared to older processors, the N200 should be similar to a Core i5-8250U (4 cores with HyperThreading, 3.4 GHz, 15W) when the power limit is not restricting performance.

Features

The Alder Lake-N chips only support single channel memory with up to DDR5-4800, DDR4-3200 or LPDDR5-4800. The chip also supports Quick Sync and AV1 decoding (most likely same engine as in Alder Lake). Furthermore, Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.2 are partly integrated (but no Thunderbolt). External chips can be connected via PCIe Gen3 x9 (via the PCH).

The integrated graphics adapter is based on the Xe-architecture and offersall 32 EUs (Execution Units) operating at only 450 - 750 MHz. Due to the single channel memory, low clock speeds and low shader count, the gaming performance of the iGPU is very limited.

Power consumption

The N200 has a base power consumption of only 6 W and is therefore suited for fanless cooling. The CPU is built with a further improved 10nm SuperFin process at Intel (called Intel 7).

Intel Core i7-6560U

► remove from comparison Intel 6560U

The Intel Core i7-6560U is an ULV (ultra low voltage) dual-core SoC based on the Skylake architecture and has been launched in September 2015. The CPU can be found in ultrabooks as well as normal notebooks.. In addition to two CPU cores with Hyper-Threading clocked at 2.2 - 3.2 GHz (2 cores: max. 3.1 GHz), the chip also integrates an Iris Graphics 540 GPU with 64 MB of dedicated eDRAM memory and a dual-channel DDR4-2133/DDR3L-1600 memory controller. The SoC is manufactured using a 14 nm process with FinFET transistors.

Architecture

Skylake replaces both Haswell and Broadwell and brings the same microarchitecture in every TDP class from 4.5 to 45 W. The extensive improvements of the Skylake design include increased out-of-order buffers, optimized prefetching and branch prediction as well as additional performance gains through Hyper-Threading. Overall, however, performance per clock has been increased by only 5 to 10 percent (compared to Haswell) respectively under 5 percent (compard to Broadwell), which is quite modest for a new architecture ("Tock").

Furthermore, the organisation of the eDRAM cache has been modified. Instead of acting like a victim cache, which has to be adressed via the L3/LLC, the eDRAM can now be adressed directly by programms just like the main memory. The size is still 128 MB for the quad-core models (4C + GT4e), while the dual-core chips (2C + GT3e) only offer 64 MB.

Performance

According to the specified clock rates and the improved architecture, the Core i7-6560U should perform similar to a Core i5-4300M (Haswell, 37 W) and slightly beat the Core i7-5600U (Broadwell, 15 W). Thus, the CPU has sufficient power for office and multimedia purposes as well as more demanding applications and multitasking.

Graphics

The integrated graphics unit called Iris Graphics 540 represents the "GT3e" version of the Skylake GPU (Intel Gen. 9). The 48 Execution Units, also called EUs, are clocked at 300 - 1050 MHz and offer (thanks to the fast eDRAM cache) a performance sligthly above a dedicated GeForce 920M. Games of 2015 can thus be played smoothly in low or medium settings. For more information about performance and features, check our page for the Iris Graphics 540.

Power Consumption

Specified at a TDP of 15 W (including CPU, GPU and memory controller), the CPU is best suited for small notebooks and ultrabooks (11-inches and above). Optionally, the TDP can be lowered to 9.5 watts (cTDP down), reducing both heat dissipation and performance and allowing even more compact designs.

Intel Processor N100

► remove from comparison Intel N100

The Intel Processor N100 is an entry-level mobile CPU for thin and light laptops from the Alder Lake-N series. It was announced in early 2023 and offers no performance cores and 4 of the 8 efficient cores (E-cores, Gracemont architecture). The chip does not support HyperThreading and clocks with 1 to 3.4 GHz. The performance of the E-cores should be similar to old Skylake cores (compare to the Core i7-6700HQ). All cores can use up to 6 MB L3-cache.

Performance

The average N100 in our database delivers unimpressive multi-thread benchmark scores that are most similar to those of the Core i3-1115G4. The chip is fast enough for many day-to-day tasks, but not much more than that; the other thing to keep in mind is that of the two N100-toting systems tested by us as of October 2023, both have rather high CPU power limits. The chip will be noticeably slower if limited to just six or seven Watts.

Features

The Alder Lake-N chips only support single channel memory with up to DDR5-4800, DDR4-3200 or LPDDR5-4800. The chip also supports Quick Sync and AV1 decoding (most likely same engine as in Alder Lake). Furthermore, Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.2 are partly integrated (but no Thunderbolt). External chips can be connected via PCIe Gen3 x9 (via the PCH).

The integrated graphics adapter is based on the Xe-architecture and offers only 24 of the 32 EUs (Execution Units) operating at only 450 - 750 MHz. Due to the single channel memory, low clock speeds, and low shader count, the gaming performance of the iGPU is very limited.

Power consumption

The N100 has a base power consumption of only 6 W and is therefore suited for fanless cooling. The CPU is built with a further improved 10nm SuperFin process at Intel (called Intel 7).

ModelIntel Processor N200Intel Core i7-6560UIntel Processor N100
SeriesIntel Alder Lake-NIntel Core i7Intel Alder Lake-N
CodenameAlder Lake-NSkylakeAlder Lake-N
Series: Alder Lake-N Alder Lake-N
Intel Core i3-N3051.8 - 3.8 GHz8 / 8 cores6 MB L3
Intel Core i3-N300 - 3.8 GHz8 / 8 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N200 « 1 - 3.7 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N97 - 3.6 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N95 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N1001 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N501 - 3.4 GHz2 / 2 cores6 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6920HQ2.9 - 3.8 GHz4 / 8 cores8 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6970HQ2.8 - 3.7 GHz4 / 8 cores8 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6870HQ2.7 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores8 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6820HK2.7 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores8 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6820HQ2.7 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores8 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6770HQ2.6 - 3.5 GHz4 / 8 cores6 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6700HQ2.6 - 3.5 GHz4 / 8 cores6 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6567U3.3 - 3.6 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6600U2.6 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6650U2.2 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6560U « 2.2 - 3.2 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
Intel Core i7-6500U2.5 - 3.1 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
Intel Core i3-N3051.8 - 3.8 GHz8 / 8 cores6 MB L3
Intel Core i3-N300 - 3.8 GHz8 / 8 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N2001 - 3.7 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N97 - 3.6 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N95 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N100 « 1 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores6 MB L3
Intel Processor N501 - 3.4 GHz2 / 2 cores6 MB L3
Clock1000 - 3700 MHz2200 - 3200 MHz1000 - 3400 MHz
L3 Cache6 MB4 MB6 MB
Cores / Threads4 / 4
4 x 3.7 GHz Intel Crestmont E-Core
2 / 44 / 4
4 x 3.4 GHz Intel Crestmont E-Core
TDP6 Watt15 Watt6 Watt
Technology10 nm14 nm10 nm
max. Temp.105 °C100 °C105 °C
iGPUIntel UHD Graphics Xe 750 32EUs (Rocket Lake) (450 - 750 MHz)Intel Iris Graphics 540 (300 - 1050 MHz)Intel UHD Graphics 24EUs (Alder Lake-N) ( - 750 MHz)
Architecturex86x86x86
Announced
Manufacturerark.intel.comark.intel.comark.intel.com
L1 Cache128 KB
L2 Cache512 KB
SocketBGABGA1264
FeaturesDual-Channel DDR3L-1600/DDR4-2133 Memory Controller, HyperThreading, AVX, AVX2, Quick Sync, Virtualization, AES-NIDDR4-3200/DDR5-4800/LPDDR5-4800 RAM (sin. chan.), PCIe 3, GNA, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, BMI2, ABM, FMA, ADX, VMX, SMEP, SMAP, EIST, TM1, TM2, Turbo, SST, AES-NI, RDRAND, RDSEED, SHA
$128 U.S.

Benchmarks

Performance Rating - CB R15 + R20 + 7-Zip + X265 + Blender + 3DM11 CPU - N200
21.5 pt (30%)
Performance Rating - CB R15 + R20 + 7-Zip + X265 + Blender + 3DM11 CPU - N100
26.1 pt (36%)
Cinebench 2024 - CB24 CPU Single Core
100%
1 N200 +
45 Points (31%)
134%
1 N100 +
min: 60     avg: 60.5     median: 60.5 (42%)     max: 61 Points
Cinebench 2024 - CB24 CPU Multi Core
100%
1 N200 +
91 Points (2%)
214%
1 N100 +
min: 194     avg: 195     median: 195 (4%)     max: 196 Points
Cinebench R23 - Cinebench R23 Multi Core
100%
1 N200 +
1406 Points (1%)
207%
1 N100 +
min: 1577     avg: 2499     median: 2916 (3%)     max: 2983 Points
Cinebench R23 - Cinebench R23 Single Core
100%
1 N200 +
690 Points (29%)
135%
1 N100 +
min: 747     avg: 883     median: 929 (40%)     max: 942 Points
Cinebench R20 - Cinebench R20 CPU (Single Core)
100%
1 N200 +
265 Points (29%)
133%
1 N100 +
min: 285     avg: 336.8     median: 353 (39%)     max: 358 Points
Cinebench R20 - Cinebench R20 CPU (Multi Core)
100%
1 N200 +
542 Points (1%)
206%
1 N100 +
min: 590     avg: 952     median: 1115 (3%)     max: 1139 Points
Cinebench R15 - Cinebench R15 CPU Multi 64 Bit
100%
N200 +
219 Points (1%)
min: 303     avg: 311.7     median: 314 (2%)     max: 318 Points
213%
N100 +
min: 246     avg: 393     median: 467 (3%)     max: 479 Points
Cinebench R15 - Cinebench R15 CPU Single 64 Bit
100%
N200 +
113 Points (34%)
min: 130     avg: 131.7     median: 132 (40%)     max: 133 Points
135%
N100 +
min: 118.8     avg: 143.3     median: 152 (46%)     max: 155 Points
Cinebench R11.5 - Cinebench R11.5 CPU Multi 64 Bit
100%
N200 +
2.7 Points (4%)
3.5 Points (4%)
190%
N100 +
min: 3.91     avg: 5     median: 5.2 (7%)     max: 5.99 Points
Cinebench R11.5 - Cinebench R11.5 CPU Single 64 Bit
100%
N200 +
1.4 Points (34%)
1.5 Points (38%)
135%
N100 +
min: 1.55     avg: 1.8     median: 1.8 (46%)     max: 1.87 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Single (32bit)
100%
N200 +
3937 Points (24%)
5054 Points (31%)
124%
N100 +
min: 4604     avg: 4884     median: 4869 (29%)     max: 5179 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Multi (32bit)
100%
N200 +
7549 Points (5%)
11205 Points (8%)
201%
N100 +
min: 9608     avg: 13384     median: 15207 (11%)     max: 15336 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Multi (64bit)
100%
1 N200 +
11030 Points (8%)
217%
1 N100 +
min: 14514     avg: 20884     median: 23912 (17%)     max: 24225 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Single (64bit)
100%
1 N200 +
5971 Points (7%)
136%
1 N100 +
min: 7171     avg: 7832     median: 8098 (10%)     max: 8227 Points
wPrime 2.10 - wPrime 2.0 1024m *
100%
N200 +
875 s (10%)
482.9 s (6%)
105%
N100 +
min: 481.652     avg: 536     median: 496.8 (6%)     max: 630.2 s
wPrime 2.10 - wPrime 2.0 32m *
100%
N200 +
26 s (5%)
14.6 s (3%)
102%
N100 +
min: 15.795     avg: 16.5     median: 15.9 (3%)     max: 17.7 s
WinRAR - WinRAR 4.0
100%
1 N200 +
2115 Points (3%)
112%
1 N100 +
min: 2187     avg: 2330     median: 2372 (4%)     max: 2431 Points
7-Zip 18.03 - 7-Zip 18.03 Multli Thread 4 runs
100%
N200 +
7146 MIPS (4%)
8885 MIPS (5%)
184%
N100 +
min: 7532     avg: 11305     median: 13177 (8%)     max: 13291 MIPS
7-Zip 18.03 - 7-Zip 18.03 Single Thread 4 runs
100%
N200 +
3230 MIPS (39%)
3396 MIPS (41%)
113%
N100 +
min: 3046     avg: 3599     median: 3635 (43%)     max: 3958 MIPS
X264 HD Benchmark 4.0 - x264 Pass 2
100%
N200 +
16.3 fps (6%)
20.3 fps (7%)
208%
N100 +
min: 21.8     avg: 30.1     median: 33.9 (12%)     max: 34.7 fps
X264 HD Benchmark 4.0 - x264 Pass 1
100%
N200 +
80 fps (18%)
110 fps (25%)
216%
N100 +
min: 105.35     avg: 150.3     median: 172.6 (40%)     max: 173 fps
HWBOT x265 Benchmark v2.2 - HWBOT x265 4k Preset
100%
N200 +
1.5 fps (3%)
2.5 fps (4%)
224%
N100 +
min: 1.72     avg: 2.8     median: 3.4 (6%)     max: 3.49 fps
TrueCrypt - TrueCrypt Serpent
100%
N200 +
0.3 GB/s (0%)
0.2 GB/s (0%)
min: 0.257     avg: 0.3     median: 0.3 (0%)     max: 0.262 GB/s
TrueCrypt - TrueCrypt Twofish
100%
N200 +
0.6 GB/s (10%)
0.3 GB/s (6%)
min: 0.531     avg: 0.5     median: 0.5 (9%)     max: 0.538 GB/s
TrueCrypt - TrueCrypt AES
100%
N200 +
3.2 GB/s (8%)
1.9 GB/s (5%)
min: 2.8     avg: 2.9     median: 2.9 (8%)     max: 2.9 GB/s
Blender - Blender 3.3 Classroom CPU *
100%
1 N200 +
4297 Seconds (55%)
163%
1 N100 +
min: 1992     avg: 2509     median: 2040 (26%)     max: 3964 Seconds
Blender - Blender 2.79 BMW27 CPU *
100%
N200 +
2150 Seconds (15%)
1505 Seconds (11%)
109%
N100 +
min: 1017     avg: 1331     median: 1048 (7%)     max: 1956 Seconds
R Benchmark 2.5 - R Benchmark 2.5 *
100%
1 N200 +
1.1 sec (25%)
109%
1 N100 +
min: 0.822     avg: 0.9     median: 0.8 (18%)     max: 1.06 sec
3DMark 06 - CPU - 3DMark 06 - CPU
100%
1 N200 +
3902 Points (8%)
165%
1 N100 +
min: 4091     avg: 5656     median: 6435 (14%)     max: 6441 Points
Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 1M - Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 1M *
100%
N200 +
18.8 s (4%)
11.8 s (3%)
100%
N100 +
min: 19.264     avg: 19.4     median: 19.4 (4%)     max: 19.531 s
Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 2M - Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 2M *
100%
N200 +
42.7 s (2%)
26.8 s (1%)
100%
N100 +
min: 40.352     avg: 40.5     median: 40.4 (2%)     max: 40.601 s
Super Pi Mod 1.5 XS 32M - Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 32M *
100%
N200 +
1011 s (4%)
618 s (3%)
101%
N100 +
min: 818.372     avg: 833     median: 818.8 (4%)     max: 862.019 s
3DMark Vantage - 3DM Vant. Perf. CPU no Physx
100%
1 N200 +
9491 Points (8%)
163%
1 N100 +
min: 9434     avg: 13518     median: 15496 (14%)     max: 15625 Points
3DMark 11 - 3DM11 Performance Physics
100%
N200 +
2765 Points (7%)
min: 4255     avg: 4408     median: 4399 (12%)     max: 4570 Points
219%
N100 +
min: 3814     avg: 5662     median: 6062 (16%)     max: 6486 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Physics
100%
N200 +
27649 Points (22%)
min: 36243     avg: 39493     median: 40569 (33%)     max: 41667 Points
179%
N100 +
min: 34828     avg: 45164     median: 49600 (40%)     max: 51063 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Extreme Physics
100%
N200 +
28655 Points (23%)
36774 Points (30%)
173%
N100 +
min: 34083     avg: 44999     median: 49495 (40%)     max: 51420 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Unlimited Physics
100%
N200 +
34749 Points (29%)
44124 Points (37%)
150%
N100 +
min: 50867     avg: 52113     median: 52098 (44%)     max: 53373 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Cloud Gate Physics
100%
N200 +
2848 Points (7%)
min: 3351     avg: 3413     median: 3379 (9%)     max: 3509 Points
160%
N100 +
min: 3133     avg: 4052     median: 4558 (12%)     max: 4693 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Fire Strike Standard Physics
100%
N200 +
4135 Points (7%)
min: 5007     avg: 5036     median: 5035.5 (9%)     max: 5064 Points
158%
N100 +
min: 4589     avg: 6060     median: 6523.5 (12%)     max: 6602 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Time Spy CPU
100%
1 N200 +
1251 Points (5%)
200%
1 N100 +
min: 1407     avg: 2075     median: 2498 (11%)     max: 2516 Points
Geekbench 6.2 - Geekbench 6.2 Single-Core
100%
1 N200 +
956 Points (29%)
128%
1 N100 +
min: 1070     avg: 1181     median: 1227 (37%)     max: 1245 Points
Geekbench 6.2 - Geekbench 6.2 Multi-Core
100%
1 N200 +
1660 Points (7%)
192%
1 N100 +
min: 2283     avg: 2866     median: 3181 (13%)     max: 3282 Points
Geekbench 5.5 - Geekbench 5.1 - 5.4 64 Bit Single-Core
100%
1 N200 +
928 Points (39%)
107%
1 N100 +
min: 915     avg: 980     median: 992 (42%)     max: 1018 Points
Geekbench 5.5 - Geekbench 5.1 - 5.4 64 Bit Multi-Core
100%
1 N200 +
1540 Points (3%)
184%
1 N100 +
min: 1911     avg: 2562     median: 2830 (5%)     max: 2896 Points
Geekbench 5.0 - Geekbench 5.0 64 Bit Single-Core
100%
1 N200 +
891 Points (4%)
111%
1 N100 +
min: 982     avg: 994     median: 993 (4%)     max: 1008 Points
Geekbench 5.0 - Geekbench 5.0 64 Bit Multi-Core
100%
1 N200 +
1518 Points (5%)
181%
1 N100 +
min: 2424     avg: 2680     median: 2753 (9%)     max: 2862 Points
Geekbench 4.4 - Geekbench 4.1 - 4.4 64 Bit Single-Core
100%
N200 +
4552 Points (45%)
3903 Points (39%)
min: 4390     avg: 4458     median: 4467 (45%)     max: 4518 Points
Geekbench 4.4 - Geekbench 4.1 - 4.4 64 Bit Multi-Core
100%
N200 +
9989 Points (11%)
7776 Points (9%)
112%
N100 +
min: 10938     avg: 11133     median: 11197 (12%)     max: 11264 Points
Mozilla Kraken 1.1 - Kraken 1.1 Total Score *
100%
1 N200 +
1460 ms (2%)
101%
1 N100 +
min: 1004     avg: 1052     median: 1023 (1%)     max: 1122 ms
WebXPRT 4 - WebXPRT 4 Score
100%
1 N100 +
min: 128.3     avg: 132.3     median: 132.3 (38%)     max: 136.2 Points
WebXPRT 3 - WebXPRT 3 Score
100%
1 N200 +
171.3 Points (36%)
103%
1 N100 +
min: 156.3     avg: 171.7     median: 176.3 (37%)     max: 187.4 Points
CrossMark - CrossMark Overall
100%
1 N200 +
614 Points (24%)
128%
1 N100 +
min: 735     avg: 786     median: 785 (30%)     max: 839 Points
Power Consumption - Prime95 Power Consumption - external Monitor *
100%
1 N200 +
14.1 Watt (2%)
98%
1 N100 +
min: 12.2     avg: 21.9     median: 26.9 (5%)     max: 29.1 Watt
Power Consumption - Cinebench R15 Multi Power Consumption - external Monitor *
100%
1 N200 +
13.6 Watt (2%)
98%
1 N100 +
min: 12.4     avg: 21.8     median: 24.3 (4%)     max: 26.1 Watt
Power Consumption - Idle Power Consumption - external Monitor *
100%
1 N200 +
6.1 Watt (4%)
99%
1 N100 +
min: 2.84     avg: 7.1     median: 8.2 (5%)     max: 9.98 Watt
Power Consumption - Idle Power Consumption 150cd 1min *
100%
1 N100 +
3.9 Watt (4%)
Power Consumption - Cinebench R15 Multi Power Efficiency - external Monitor
100%
1 N200 +
16.1 Points per Watt (12%)
116%
1 N100 +
min: 18.3     avg: 18.7     median: 18.7 (14%)     max: 19.1 Points per Watt

Average Benchmarks Intel Processor N200 → 100% n=28

Average Benchmarks Intel Core i7-6560U → 114% n=28

Average Benchmarks Intel Processor N100 → 146% n=28

- Range of benchmark values for this graphics card
- Average benchmark values for this graphics card
* Smaller numbers mean a higher performance
1 This benchmark is not used for the average calculation

v1.26
log 16. 14:01:59

#0 checking url part for id 14930 +0s ... 0s

#1 checking url part for id 7044 +0s ... 0s

#2 checking url part for id 14932 +0s ... 0s

#3 not redirecting to Ajax server +0s ... 0s

#4 did not recreate cache, as it is less than 5 days old! Created at Thu, 16 May 2024 05:39:24 +0200 +0.001s ... 0.001s

#5 composed specs +0.04s ... 0.041s

#6 did output specs +0s ... 0.041s

#7 getting avg benchmarks for device 14930 +0.018s ... 0.059s

#8 got single benchmarks 14930 +0.012s ... 0.071s

#9 getting avg benchmarks for device 7044 +0.003s ... 0.074s

#10 got single benchmarks 7044 +0.022s ... 0.096s

#11 getting avg benchmarks for device 14932 +0.016s ... 0.112s

#12 got single benchmarks 14932 +0.022s ... 0.134s

#13 got avg benchmarks for devices +0s ... 0.134s

#14 min, max, avg, median took s +0.43s ... 0.564s

#15 return log +0s ... 0.564s

Please share our article, every link counts!
> Expert Reviews and News on Laptops, Smartphones and Tech Innovations > Benchmarks / Tech > Processor Comparison - Head 2 Head
Redaktion, 2017-09- 8 (Update: 2023-07- 1)