Verdict - Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 with two major weaknesses
Samsung's Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 Copilot+ is a solid everyday laptop that is already available in stores for less than $700. The slim aluminum case makes a good impression and offers sufficient connections as well as a fast microSD reader. In addition, a modern Wi-Fi 7 adapter is already installed. The keyboard is one of the weak points; apart from the limited travel, the keystrokes are precise, but we don't understand why Samsung skimped on the keyboard illumination here.
In terms of performance, Qualcomm's Snapdragon processor offers decent CPU performance, but only weak GPU performance. In addition, the energy profiles are not particularly useful, as both weaker profiles drastically reduce performance, which is noticeable in everyday use. On a positive note, however, compatibility with apps has been improved. However, prospective buyers should still check whether the desired apps will run on the Snapdragon model.
The screen is a very simple IPS display, but it does not require much power. Depending on the brightness, between 13-18 hours are possible in our WLAN test. The second major problem, however, is the memory configuration, as Samsung has once again decided to only solder UFS memory instead of installing an M.2 SSD, as is the case with the Intel models. In our test device, the user only has 160 GB at their disposal.
Pros
Cons
According to Samsung's naming scheme, Edge stands for laptops with ARM processors from Qualcomm. The new Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 Copilot+ is an affordable everyday computer for less than 700 euros. For this you get the Snapdragon X1P-42-100 with Wi-Fi 7, but only 16 GB RAM and a small 256 GB SSD.
Specifications
Case & equipment
Samsung uses a slim metal case for the Galaxy Book4 Edge, which is 1.5 cm thick and weighs 1.49 kg, making it easy to fit into any backpack. The case color is Sapphire Blue, which is a very light shade of blue (rather silver with a slight blue tint). Visually, the notebook looks great, and the quality is also good. Only the display hinge (max. opening angle 180 degrees) is a little too smooth and, therefore, wobbles a little. The lower case cover can be removed (screws under the rubber feet), but the maintenance options are limited to cleaning the fan, the WLAN module, and the battery, which can be replaced if necessary.
We can't complain about the connections either. There are 2x USB-C 4.0, a regular USB port, and an HDMI. The microSD card reader offers good transfer rates, but the stop point for the spring mechanism is located quite deep in the casing. You need long fingernails or a pointed object to insert or remove cards. Samsung doesn't skimp on the WLAN module and installs Qualcomm's modern 7800 adapter, which includes Wi-Fi 7. The transfer rates are very good and stable. It is a Copilot+ laptop with support for all Microsoft AI functions, as well as the Studio effects for the webcam. However, the 1080p sensor (without an IR module) only captures average pictures.
SD Card Reader | |
average JPG Copy Test (av. of 3 runs) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R (Toshiba Exceria Pro SDXC 64 GB UHS-II) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 (Angelbird AV Pro V60) | |
Average of class Office (22.4 - 198.5, n=30, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
maximum AS SSD Seq Read Test (1GB) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R (Toshiba Exceria Pro SDXC 64 GB UHS-II) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 (Angelbird AV Pro V60) | |
Average of class Office (25 - 249, n=26, last 2 years) |
Networking | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 | |
iperf3 receive AXE11000 | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 | |
iperf3 receive AXE11000 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 | |
iperf3 receive AXE11000 | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 6GHz | |
iperf3 receive AXE11000 6GHz | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 | |
iperf3 receive AXE11000 | |

Input devices - No keyboard illumination
The large keyboard includes a number pad and delivers precise keystrokes. However, the shallow key travel is typical of the Galaxy-Book series, which is why you should try out the keyboard in advance. In terms of layout, you have to get used to the small arrow keys and the power button (including fingerprint scanner) at the top right, where you would actually expect to find the delete key. The biggest problem, however, is the lack of a backlight, which may be a deal breaker for some users.
Overall, the ClickPad works without any problems and is sufficiently large (12 x 8.5 cm). However, the mechanical clicks in the lower half are a little too loud.
Display - Simple IPS panel with 60 Hz
Samsung has taken the red pencil to the display, as there is only a very simple IPS display with 60 Hz and low color space coverage. The picture quality of the matte panel is basically okay and even bright surfaces show no problems in terms of grainy picture. The response times are inconspicuous and there is no PWM flickering.
The brightness is 300 cd/m2 and the black value is a good 0.26 cd/m2, which is why the contrast is still a reasonable ∼1,200:1. This is sufficient for indoor use, but it is hardly possible to work comfortably in very bright environments or outdoors. The color space coverage is very low and the factory profile is also not particularly accurate. In addition to a clear blue cast and a color temperature that is too cool, there are also significant color deviations. The panel is not suitable for image editing.
|
Brightness Distribution: 94 %
Center on Battery: 304 cd/m²
Contrast: 1169:1 (Black: 0.26 cd/m²)
ΔE ColorChecker Calman: 5.4 | ∀{0.5-29.43 Ø4.79}
ΔE Greyscale Calman: 5.5 | ∀{0.09-98 Ø5}
46.7% AdobeRGB 1998 (Argyll 3D)
63.1% sRGB (Argyll 3D)
46.5% Display P3 (Argyll 3D)
Gamma: 2.27
CCT: 7873 K
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 NV156FHM-NS0, IPS, 1920x1080, 15.6", 60 Hz | Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR BOE0CEA, IPS, 1920x1200, 15.3", 60 Hz | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 LEN153WUXGA , IPS LED, 1920x1200, 15.3", 60 Hz | Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core ATNA56AC03-0, , 2880x1620, 15.6", 120 Hz | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R LEN153WUXGA, IPS, 1920x1200, 15.3", 60 Hz | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Display | 1% | -5% | |||
Display P3 Coverage (%) | 46.5 | 45.56 -2% | 42.9 -8% | ||
sRGB Coverage (%) | 63.1 | 65.46 4% | 61.2 -3% | ||
AdobeRGB 1998 Coverage (%) | 46.7 | 46.75 0% | 44.4 -5% | ||
Response Times | 23% | 14% | 5% | ||
Response Time Grey 50% / Grey 80% * (ms) | 31.5 ? | 24 ? 24% | 28.2 ? 10% | 29.1 ? 8% | |
Response Time Black / White * (ms) | 20.4 ? | 16 ? 22% | 16.8 ? 18% | 20.2 ? 1% | |
PWM Frequency (Hz) | |||||
Screen | -9% | -7% | 9% | ||
Brightness middle (cd/m²) | 304 | 308 1% | 328 8% | 328.3 8% | |
Brightness (cd/m²) | 298 | 305 2% | 315 6% | 313 5% | |
Brightness Distribution (%) | 94 | 97 3% | 91 -3% | 92 -2% | |
Black Level * (cd/m²) | 0.26 | 0.29 -12% | 0.29 -12% | 0.24 8% | |
Contrast (:1) | 1169 | 1062 -9% | 1131 -3% | 1368 17% | |
Colorchecker dE 2000 * | 5.4 | 6 -11% | 6.4 -19% | 5.64 -4% | |
Colorchecker dE 2000 max. * | 15.5 | 20.96 -35% | 21.5 -39% | 19.24 -24% | |
Greyscale dE 2000 * | 5.5 | 6.05 -10% | 5 9% | 2.1 62% | |
Gamma | 2.27 97% | 2 110% | 2.42 91% | 2.12 104% | |
CCT | 7873 83% | 7147 91% | 6596 99% | 6757 96% | |
Colorchecker dE 2000 calibrated * | 4.93 | 3.13 | |||
Total Average (Program / Settings) | 5% /
-2% | 4% /
-3% | 3% /
5% |
* ... smaller is better
Display Response Times
↔ Response Time Black to White | ||
---|---|---|
20.4 ms ... rise ↗ and fall ↘ combined | ↗ 11.7 ms rise | |
↘ 8.7 ms fall | ||
The screen shows good response rates in our tests, but may be too slow for competitive gamers. In comparison, all tested devices range from 0.1 (minimum) to 240 (maximum) ms. » 44 % of all devices are better. This means that the measured response time is similar to the average of all tested devices (20.3 ms). | ||
↔ Response Time 50% Grey to 80% Grey | ||
31.5 ms ... rise ↗ and fall ↘ combined | ↗ 14.9 ms rise | |
↘ 16.6 ms fall | ||
The screen shows slow response rates in our tests and will be unsatisfactory for gamers. In comparison, all tested devices range from 0.165 (minimum) to 636 (maximum) ms. » 41 % of all devices are better. This means that the measured response time is similar to the average of all tested devices (31.7 ms). |
Screen Flickering / PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation)
Screen flickering / PWM not detected | |||
In comparison: 53 % of all tested devices do not use PWM to dim the display. If PWM was detected, an average of 8162 (minimum: 5 - maximum: 343500) Hz was measured. |
Performance - Snapdragon without Turbo
Test conditions
We ran the benchmarks in High Performance mode. The other two modes (Optimized, Quiet) massively reduce the CPU performance, which is why there can also be performance restrictions in everyday use (the system feels noticeably slow, there are sometimes hangs/delays when entering data).
Processor - Snapdragon X Plus
The Qualcomm Snapdragon X1P-42-100 offers 8 cores with a maximum clock speed of 3.4 GHz. However, the X1P-42-100 does not support the CPU boost of the more expensive models. The power consumption of the Snapdragon processors can still not be read out. However, based on our consumption measurements, the CPU should consume around 35 watts (later 30 watts). The combined CPU/GPU load leads to ~40-45 watts of power consumption.
In the native CPU benchmarks, the overall performance is okay, and there are no problems in everyday use. We have also listed the emulated benchmarks below. The CPU performance only drops by about 10% in battery mode.
Cinebench R15 Multi loop
Cinebench R23: Multi Core | Single Core
Cinebench R20: CPU (Multi Core) | CPU (Single Core)
Cinebench R15: CPU Multi 64Bit | CPU Single 64Bit
Blender: v2.79 BMW27 CPU
7-Zip 18.03: 7z b 4 | 7z b 4 -mmt1
HWBOT x265 Benchmark v2.2: 4k Preset
LibreOffice : 20 Documents To PDF
R Benchmark 2.5: Overall mean
CPU Performance rating | |
Average of class Office | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
Cinebench R23 / Multi Core | |
Average of class Office (1577 - 20399, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (6062 - 8284, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
Cinebench R23 / Single Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (708 - 2130, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (1065 - 1134, n=9) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
Cinebench R20 / CPU (Multi Core) | |
Average of class Office (590 - 8086, n=75, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (2361 - 3125, n=9) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
Cinebench R20 / CPU (Single Core) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (285 - 815, n=75, last 2 years) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (406 - 425, n=9) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
Cinebench R15 / CPU Multi 64Bit | |
Average of class Office (246 - 3132, n=79, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (1191 - 1560, n=9) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
Cinebench R15 / CPU Single 64Bit | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Average of class Office (99.5 - 312, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (206 - 215, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
Blender / v2.79 BMW27 CPU | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (398 - 683, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average of class Office (163 - 1956, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
7-Zip 18.03 / 7z b 4 | |
Average of class Office (7532 - 76886, n=78, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (29238 - 32811, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
7-Zip 18.03 / 7z b 4 -mmt1 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (3046 - 6497, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (4087 - 4675, n=9) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
HWBOT x265 Benchmark v2.2 / 4k Preset | |
Average of class Office (1.72 - 22.4, n=75, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (3.16 - 6.18, n=9) |
LibreOffice / 20 Documents To PDF | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (55.3 - 62.7, n=9) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average of class Office (41.5 - 129.6, n=75, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
R Benchmark 2.5 / Overall mean | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (0.728 - 0.777, n=9) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Average of class Office (0.4098 - 1.06, n=74, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
* ... smaller is better
AIDA64: FP32 Ray-Trace | FPU Julia | CPU SHA3 | CPU Queen | FPU SinJulia | FPU Mandel | CPU AES | CPU ZLib | FP64 Ray-Trace | CPU PhotoWorxx
Performance rating | |
Average of class Office | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
AIDA64 / FP32 Ray-Trace | |
Average of class Office (1685 - 31245, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (1480 - 6208, n=8) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
AIDA64 / FPU Julia | |
Average of class Office (8977 - 125394, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (14234 - 17585, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
AIDA64 / CPU SHA3 | |
Average of class Office (590 - 5398, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (2036 - 2614, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R |
AIDA64 / CPU Queen | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Average of class Office (20636 - 115197, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (44346 - 48581, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
AIDA64 / FPU SinJulia | |
Average of class Office (1064 - 18321, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (1240 - 1502, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
AIDA64 / FPU Mandel | |
Average of class Office (4415 - 66922, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (4929 - 9929, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
AIDA64 / CPU AES | |
Average of class Office (7254 - 155900, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (37646 - 45232, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R |
AIDA64 / CPU ZLib | |
Average of class Office (138.6 - 1366, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (473 - 523, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
AIDA64 / FP64 Ray-Trace | |
Average of class Office (859 - 17834, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (2262 - 3430, n=8) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
AIDA64 / CPU PhotoWorxx | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Average of class Office (11090 - 55359, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (31088 - 32224, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
System performance
The Galaxy Book4 performs well in the system benchmarks, and there were no stability problems during testing. The app compatibility is continuously improving, but you should check in advance whether the desired apps run on the ARM version of Windows.
CrossMark: Overall | Productivity | Creativity | Responsiveness
WebXPRT 3: Overall
WebXPRT 4: Overall
Mozilla Kraken 1.1: Total
Performance rating | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average of class Office | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R -4! | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
CrossMark / Overall | |
Average of class Office (348 - 1891, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (1061 - 1463, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
CrossMark / Productivity | |
Average of class Office (393 - 1880, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (1059 - 1284, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
CrossMark / Creativity | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average of class Office (319 - 2155, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (1070 - 1660, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
CrossMark / Responsiveness | |
Average of class Office (258 - 1877, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (989 - 1563, n=9) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
WebXPRT 3 / Overall | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (129.9 - 426, n=9) | |
Average of class Office (121 - 455, n=73, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
WebXPRT 4 / Overall | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (130.3 - 284, n=9) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Average of class Office (80 - 328, n=78, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
Mozilla Kraken 1.1 / Total | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (391 - 1966, n=79, last 2 years) | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (396 - 1145, n=9) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 |
* ... smaller is better
» No benchmarks for this notebook found!
AIDA64 / Memory Copy | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (61258 - 62755, n=8) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (20075 - 108783, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R |
AIDA64 / Memory Read | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (123557 - 128030, n=8) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Average of class Office (10084 - 128030, n=77, last 2 years) |
AIDA64 / Memory Write | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (20073 - 117935, n=77, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Average Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 (45782 - 48716, n=8) | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
DPC latencies
We cannot perform our usual latency test on the ARM laptop, but there were no problems with skipped frames when playing a 4K YouTube video.
Mass storage
Samsung relies on 256 GB UFS memory, which is soldered on board. This is a major disadvantage compared to the Galaxy Books based on Intel, which use M.2 2280 SSDs. Although the transfer rates are okay, the user is left with just 160 GB for their own files after the initial start-up.
* ... smaller is better
Continuous read: DiskSpd Read Loop, Queue Depth 8
GPU performance
The Adreno X1-45 is a relatively weak integrated graphics card that is hardly suitable for gaming. If you want to play games, you should rely on cloud services. However, the performance is perfectly adequate for everyday tasks such as playing high-resolution videos.
3DMark 11 Performance | 4590 points | |
3DMark Fire Strike Score | 3752 points | |
3DMark Time Spy Score | 1070 points | |
3DMark Steel Nomad Light Score | 1088 points | |
Help |
Blender / v3.3 Classroom CPU | |
Average Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS (711 - 1226, n=12) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (245 - 3964, n=74, last 2 years) |
* ... smaller is better
Performance rating - Percent | |
Average of class Office | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 -2! | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR -1! | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core -1! | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R -2! |
Cyberpunk 2077 2.2 Phantom Liberty - 1920x1080 Ultra Preset (FSR off) | |
Average of class Office (6.13 - 29.6, n=52, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
GTA V - 1920x1080 Highest Settings possible AA:4xMSAA + FX AF:16x | |
Average of class Office (3.98 - 47.8, n=67, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR |
Final Fantasy XV Benchmark - 1920x1080 High Quality | |
Average of class Office (6.45 - 36.5, n=71, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
Strange Brigade - 1920x1080 ultra AA:ultra AF:16 | |
Average of class Office (12.9 - 62, n=53, last 2 years) | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core |
Dota 2 Reborn - 1920x1080 ultra (3/3) best looking | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR | |
Average of class Office (13.4 - 121.2, n=76, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R |
X-Plane 11.11 - 1920x1080 high (fps_test=3) | |
Average of class Office (10.9 - 92.6, n=68, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 |
Cyberpunk 2077 Ultra FPS chart
low | med. | high | ultra | |
---|---|---|---|---|
GTA V (2015) | 92.8 | 87.1 | 33.4 | 15 |
Dota 2 Reborn (2015) | 85.3 | 67.8 | 57.8 | 49.9 |
Final Fantasy XV Benchmark (2018) | 38.3 | 15.7 | 15.7 | |
X-Plane 11.11 (2018) | 38.5 | 30.8 | 27.3 | |
Strange Brigade (2018) | 84 | 30 | 23 | 20 |
Shadow of the Tomb Raider (2018) | 16 | 15 | 13 | |
Baldur's Gate 3 (2023) | 13.2 | 11 | 9.5 | 9.2 |
Cyberpunk 2077 2.2 Phantom Liberty (2023) | 15 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 8.4 |
Emissions & Energy
Noise emissions
As long as the processor is not heavily loaded, the single fan is very quiet. Therefore, you can hardly hear the Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 in everyday use. When gaming, we measured around 32 dB(A), but the fan is somewhat high-pitched here. In the stress test, it is even a loud 42.8 dB(A) (Optimized: 36.4 dB(A), Quiet: 31.6 dB(A)). There were no other electronic noises detected in our test device.
Noise level
Idle |
| 24.8 / 24.8 / 24.8 dB(A) |
Load |
| 25.2 / 42.8 dB(A) |
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30 dB silent 40 dB(A) audible 50 dB(A) loud |
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min: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS, SD X Plus X1P-42-100, 256 GB UFS 4.0 Flash | Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR Iris Xe G7 80EUs, i5-1334U, Kingston OM8PGP4512Q-A0 | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS, SD X1-26-100, SK hynix PVC10 HFS256GEM4X182N | Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS, SD X Plus X1P-42-100, WD PC SN740 SDDPNQD-1T00 | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R UHD Graphics Xe G4 48EUs, Core 5 210H, Micron 2500 1TB MTFDKBA1T0QGN | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noise | -6% | 2% | 9% | -17% | |
off / environment * (dB) | 24.8 | 25.1 -1% | 24 3% | 23.7 4% | 27.3 -10% |
Idle Minimum * (dB) | 24.8 | 25.1 -1% | 24 3% | 23.7 4% | 27.3 -10% |
Idle Average * (dB) | 24.8 | 26.7 -8% | 24 3% | 23.7 4% | 27.3 -10% |
Idle Maximum * (dB) | 24.8 | 29.3 -18% | 24 3% | 23.7 4% | 29 -17% |
Load Average * (dB) | 25.2 | 23.7 6% | 42 -67% | ||
Cyberpunk 2077 ultra * (dB) | 32.2 | 33.3 -3% | 29.7 8% | 35.1 -9% | |
Load Maximum * (dB) | 42.8 | 43 -0% | 42.7 -0% | 29.7 31% | 41.5 3% |
* ... smaller is better
Temperature
(+) The maximum temperature on the upper side is 38.9 °C / 102 F, compared to the average of 34.3 °C / 94 F, ranging from 21.2 to 62.5 °C for the class Office.
(±) The bottom heats up to a maximum of 42.4 °C / 108 F, compared to the average of 36.8 °C / 98 F
(+) In idle usage, the average temperature for the upper side is 23.8 °C / 75 F, compared to the device average of 29.5 °C / 85 F.
(+) 3: The average temperature for the upper side is 29.8 °C / 86 F, compared to the average of 29.5 °C / 85 F for the class Office.
(+) The palmrests and touchpad are cooler than skin temperature with a maximum of 31.1 °C / 88 F and are therefore cool to the touch.
(-) The average temperature of the palmrest area of similar devices was 27.6 °C / 81.7 F (-3.5 °C / -6.3 F).
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS | Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR Intel Core i5-1334U, Intel Iris Xe Graphics G7 80EUs | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 Qualcomm Snapdragon X X1-26-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS | Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100, Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R Intel Core 5 210H, Intel UHD Graphics Xe G4 48EUs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heat | -18% | -6% | -16% | -7% | |
Maximum Upper Side * (°C) | 38.9 | 38.7 1% | 38.2 2% | 41.8 -7% | 34.2 12% |
Maximum Bottom * (°C) | 42.4 | 41.5 2% | 39.2 8% | 49.9 -18% | 38.8 8% |
Idle Upper Side * (°C) | 24.3 | 32.1 -32% | 27.7 -14% | 28.8 -19% | 28.6 -18% |
Idle Bottom * (°C) | 24.3 | 35.1 -44% | 28.6 -18% | 29.1 -20% | 31.4 -29% |
* ... smaller is better
Speaker
Considering the price, the two stereo speakers make quite a good impression, but there is a lack of bass.
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 audio analysis
(±) | speaker loudness is average but good (75.3 dB)
Bass 100 - 315 Hz
(-) | nearly no bass - on average 18.4% lower than median
(±) | linearity of bass is average (12.7% delta to prev. frequency)
Mids 400 - 2000 Hz
(+) | balanced mids - only 4% away from median
(+) | mids are linear (4.6% delta to prev. frequency)
Highs 2 - 16 kHz
(+) | balanced highs - only 1.5% away from median
(+) | highs are linear (4.5% delta to prev. frequency)
Overall 100 - 16.000 Hz
(±) | linearity of overall sound is average (16.6% difference to median)
Compared to same class
» 20% of all tested devices in this class were better, 7% similar, 73% worse
» The best had a delta of 7%, average was 21%, worst was 53%
Compared to all devices tested
» 28% of all tested devices were better, 6% similar, 67% worse
» The best had a delta of 4%, average was 24%, worst was 134%
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR audio analysis
(+) | speakers can play relatively loud (85.4 dB)
Bass 100 - 315 Hz
(-) | nearly no bass - on average 32.4% lower than median
(±) | linearity of bass is average (11.1% delta to prev. frequency)
Mids 400 - 2000 Hz
(+) | balanced mids - only 3.3% away from median
(±) | linearity of mids is average (7.3% delta to prev. frequency)
Highs 2 - 16 kHz
(±) | higher highs - on average 6.2% higher than median
(±) | linearity of highs is average (9.8% delta to prev. frequency)
Overall 100 - 16.000 Hz
(±) | linearity of overall sound is average (22.8% difference to median)
Compared to same class
» 61% of all tested devices in this class were better, 8% similar, 31% worse
» The best had a delta of 7%, average was 21%, worst was 53%
Compared to all devices tested
» 66% of all tested devices were better, 6% similar, 28% worse
» The best had a delta of 4%, average was 24%, worst was 134%
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 audio analysis
(±) | speaker loudness is average but good (78.1 dB)
Bass 100 - 315 Hz
(-) | nearly no bass - on average 24.4% lower than median
(±) | linearity of bass is average (10.4% delta to prev. frequency)
Mids 400 - 2000 Hz
(+) | balanced mids - only 4.6% away from median
(±) | linearity of mids is average (7% delta to prev. frequency)
Highs 2 - 16 kHz
(+) | balanced highs - only 1.7% away from median
(+) | highs are linear (3.7% delta to prev. frequency)
Overall 100 - 16.000 Hz
(±) | linearity of overall sound is average (19% difference to median)
Compared to same class
» 35% of all tested devices in this class were better, 7% similar, 58% worse
» The best had a delta of 7%, average was 21%, worst was 53%
Compared to all devices tested
» 44% of all tested devices were better, 8% similar, 49% worse
» The best had a delta of 4%, average was 24%, worst was 134%
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core audio analysis
(±) | speaker loudness is average but good (79.9 dB)
Bass 100 - 315 Hz
(±) | reduced bass - on average 8.2% lower than median
(±) | linearity of bass is average (11% delta to prev. frequency)
Mids 400 - 2000 Hz
(+) | balanced mids - only 2.7% away from median
(+) | mids are linear (4.5% delta to prev. frequency)
Highs 2 - 16 kHz
(+) | balanced highs - only 3% away from median
(+) | highs are linear (5.8% delta to prev. frequency)
Overall 100 - 16.000 Hz
(+) | overall sound is linear (9.8% difference to median)
Compared to same class
» 10% of all tested devices in this class were better, 2% similar, 88% worse
» The best had a delta of 5%, average was 18%, worst was 45%
Compared to all devices tested
» 4% of all tested devices were better, 1% similar, 95% worse
» The best had a delta of 4%, average was 24%, worst was 134%
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R audio analysis
(±) | speaker loudness is average but good (78.4 dB)
Bass 100 - 315 Hz
(-) | nearly no bass - on average 29.8% lower than median
(±) | linearity of bass is average (11.7% delta to prev. frequency)
Mids 400 - 2000 Hz
(±) | higher mids - on average 5.3% higher than median
(+) | mids are linear (6.8% delta to prev. frequency)
Highs 2 - 16 kHz
(+) | balanced highs - only 3.4% away from median
(+) | highs are linear (3.8% delta to prev. frequency)
Overall 100 - 16.000 Hz
(±) | linearity of overall sound is average (25.5% difference to median)
Compared to same class
» 90% of all tested devices in this class were better, 2% similar, 8% worse
» The best had a delta of 5%, average was 18%, worst was 45%
Compared to all devices tested
» 78% of all tested devices were better, 5% similar, 18% worse
» The best had a delta of 4%, average was 24%, worst was 134%
Power consumption
The Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 is a very efficient laptop overall, especially under low load. We measured a maximum of just under 57 watts in the stress test, so the included 65-watt power supply is sufficiently large.
Off / Standby | ![]() ![]() |
Idle | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Load |
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Key:
min: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS, SD X Plus X1P-42-100, 256 GB UFS 4.0 Flash | Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR Iris Xe G7 80EUs, i5-1334U, Kingston OM8PGP4512Q-A0 | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS, SD X1-26-100, SK hynix PVC10 HFS256GEM4X182N | Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS, SD X Plus X1P-42-100, WD PC SN740 SDDPNQD-1T00 | Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R UHD Graphics Xe G4 48EUs, Core 5 210H, Micron 2500 1TB MTFDKBA1T0QGN | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power Consumption | -60% | -2% | -7% | -82% | |
Idle Minimum * (Watt) | 2.7 | 5.6 -107% | 2.4 11% | 4.8 -78% | 6.7 -148% |
Idle Average * (Watt) | 5.8 | 6.2 -7% | 5.5 5% | 5.9 -2% | 10.1 -74% |
Idle Maximum * (Watt) | 7 | 9.1 -30% | 7.8 -11% | 7 -0% | 10.2 -46% |
Load Average * (Watt) | 19.4 | 15.1 22% | 52.6 -171% | ||
Cyberpunk 2077 ultra external monitor * (Watt) | 22.2 | 41.1 -85% | 18.8 15% | 23.3 -5% | 36.9 -66% |
Cyberpunk 2077 ultra * (Watt) | 26.9 | 48.3 -80% 50.2 -87% | 29.9 -11% | 23.2 14% | 40.2 -49% |
Load Maximum * (Watt) | 56.6 | 68.3 -21% | 66.95 -18% | 54.9 3% | 69.5 -23% |
* ... smaller is better
Power consumption Cyberpunk / Stress test
Power consumption with external monitor
Battery life
Notebookcheck overall rating
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15
- 10/17/2025 v8
Andreas Osthoff
Possible alternatives in comparison
Image | Model / Review | Price | Weight | Height | Display |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge 15 Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 ⎘ Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS ⎘ 16 GB Memory, 256 GB | Amazon: 1. $684.90 SAMSUNG 15” Galaxy AI Book... 2. $629.00 SAMSUNG Galaxy Book4 Edge La... 3. $969.99 Samsung Galaxy Book4 AI Busi... List Price: 749€ | 1.5 kg | 15 mm | 15.60" 1920x1080 141 PPI IPS | |
Acer Aspire Go AG15-51P-56UR Intel Core i5-1334U ⎘ Intel Iris Xe Graphics G7 80EUs ⎘ 16 GB Memory, 512 GB SSD | Amazon: 1. $375.00 acer Aspire Go 15 Laptop, 15... List Price: 500€ | 1.7 kg | 19.9 mm | 15.30" 1920x1200 148 PPI IPS | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15Q8X10 Qualcomm Snapdragon X X1-26-100 ⎘ Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS ⎘ 16 GB Memory, 256 GB SSD | Amazon: $689.00 List Price: 710 Euro | 1.6 kg | 18.5 mm | 15.30" 1920x1200 148 PPI IPS LED | |
Asus VivoBook S 15 Snapdragon 8-Core Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus X1P-42-100 ⎘ Qualcomm SD X Adreno X1-45 1.7 TFLOPS ⎘ 16 GB Memory, 1024 GB SSD | Amazon: 1. $1,068.00 ASUS Vivobook S 15 Laptop; C... 2. $662.99 ASUS Vivobook 16 Laptop, 16�... 3. $409.99 ASUS 2023 Vivobook Go 15 Lap... List Price: 1149€ | 1.4 kg | 15.9 mm | 15.60" 2880x1620 | |
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 15IRH10R Intel Core 5 210H ⎘ Intel UHD Graphics Xe G4 48EUs ⎘ 16 GB Memory, 1024 GB SSD | Amazon: $546.00 List Price: 770 USD | 1.7 kg | 18.9 mm | 15.30" 1920x1200 148 PPI IPS |
Transparency
The selection of devices to be reviewed is made by our editorial team. The test sample was provided to the author as a loan by the manufacturer or retailer for the purpose of this review. The lender had no influence on this review, nor did the manufacturer receive a copy of this review before publication. There was no obligation to publish this review. As an independent media company, Notebookcheck is not subjected to the authority of manufacturers, retailers or publishers.
This is how Notebookcheck is testing
Every year, Notebookcheck independently reviews hundreds of laptops and smartphones using standardized procedures to ensure that all results are comparable. We have continuously developed our test methods for around 20 years and set industry standards in the process. In our test labs, high-quality measuring equipment is utilized by experienced technicians and editors. These tests involve a multi-stage validation process. Our complex rating system is based on hundreds of well-founded measurements and benchmarks, which maintains objectivity. Further information on our test methods can be found here.