Apple M4 (9 cores) vs Apple M3 Max 16-Core vs Apple M4 Pro (14 cores)

Apple M4 (9 cores)

The 9-core Apple M4 is a rather fast ARM architecture processor (SoC) that sports 9 CPU cores, a 16-core neural engine and a 10-core GPU with hardware RT support and other modern features. Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.3 as well as Thunderbolt 3 and USB 4 are all onboard, too. The M4 debuted in May 2024 as part of an iPad launch event; it has 3 performance cores running at a clock speed of up to 4.3 GHz and 6 efficient cores running at way under 3 GHz whereas the M3 (10 GPU cores) has 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores.

The faster 10-core M4 chip delivers 10% higher multi-thread performance and 15% higher graphics performance, to give you a rough figure. More importantly, the 10-core M4 can be had in systems with an active cooling solution, such as Fall 2024 MacBook Pros, whereas the 9-core one is an iPad Pro exclusive. Systems with a fan deliver much higher sustained performance than the ones without it.

Architecture and Features

The new CPU cores run at faster clock speeds than what the M3 was capable of and they also feature minor architectural improvements. The CPU cores are thought to be based on the ARM v9.4-A microarchitecture to a certain degree. The M4 comes with 16 GB or more (depending on the SKU) of on-package LPDDR5x-7500 RAM whereas the M3 was limited to 6400 MT/s. The updated NPU delivers up to 38 TOPS of performance for AI workloads.

Performance

Single-thread performance, multi-thread performance and NPU performance all got a noticeable boost compared to what we had with the M3 (10 GPU cores). The new processor is about 11% faster than the M3 in short-term multi-thread workloads while besting every M3 series chip possible in single-thread tasks by a comfortable margin. Geekbench 6.2 Multi puts the 9-core M4 right above the Core i9-13900H and the Ryzen 7 7840HS; in fact, the M4 is just 3% slower than Intel's top-of-the-line Core Ultra 9 185H chip. A 13% to 18% single-thread performance improvement over M3 series chips is evident if we look at Mozilla's Kraken test results. Octane V2 seems to think the M4 is just 4% slower than Intel's mighty Core i9-14900HX. CrossMark results suggest the M4 is about as fast as the Core i9-13900H.

The 10-core M4 is about 10% faster in multi-threaded tasks than the 9-core part is. It also delivers just slightly higher single-thread performance.

While Apple undoubtedly deserves some praise for what it managed to do here, it is important to highlight that all of the tests we did involve short-term workloads only. The M4 will suffer from heavy throttling if subjected to long-term workloads as there is no active cooling inside that super-thin iPad Pro case.

Graphics

The M4 GPU (10 cores) has hardware support for ray tracing as well as mesh shading and other modern technologies. It supports external displays with resolutions as high as "8K".

As far as performance is concerned, it appears the 9-core M4's GPU runs at significantly lower clock speeds than the (otherwise the same) GPU built into the 10-core M4 chip. This leads to a disappointing situation where what's supposedly a newer graphics adapter is about 10% slower than the 10-core GPU built into the M3. Still, this M4 GPU delivers very decent benchmark scores that put it in the same ballpark as the Radeon RX 6500M.

Power consumption

The chip's sustained power consumption is limited to ~7 W, with short-term peaks of up to 14 W possible.

The chip is built with a "second generation" 3 nm TSMC process that's still cutting-edge as of late 2024.

Apple M3 Max 16-Core

The Apple M3 Max (16 Core) is a system on a chip (SoC) from Apple for notebooks that was launched towards the end of 2023. It integrates a new 16-core CPU with 12 performance cores with up to 4.06 GHz and 4 efficiency cores with 2.8 GHz. There is also a slimmed-down 14-core variant with a 30-core GPU.

Thanks to the higher clock rates and architectural improvements, the processor performance is also significantly better than the M2 Max in benchmarks and can keep up with the fastest mobile CPUs (such as a Core i9-13900HX).

The M3 also integrates a new graphics card with dynamic caching, mesh shading and ray tracing acceleration via hardware. In the top model, all 40 cores of the chip are used and support up to 5 displays simultaneously (internal and 4 external).

GPU and CPU can jointly access the shared memory on the package (unified memory). This is available in 48, 64 and 128 GB variants and offers 400 GB/s maximum bandwidth (512 bit bus).

The integrated 16-core Neural Engine has also been revised and now offers 18 TOPS peak performance (compared to 15.8 TOPS in the M2 but 35 TOPS in the new A17 Pro). The video engine now also supports AV1 decoding in hardware. H.264, HEVC and ProRes (RAW) can still be decoded and encoded. Like its predecessor, the Max chip offers two video engines and can therefore encode and decode two streams simultaneously.

Unfortunately, the integrated WLAN only continues to support WiFi 6E (no WiFi 7), unlike the small M3 SoC thunderbolt 4 is also supported (max 40 Gbit/s).

The chip is manufactured in the current 3nm process (N3B) at TSMC and contains 92 billion transistors (+37% vs. Apple M2 Max). Under load, the CPU part consumes up to 56 watts, the chip can use a total of 78 watts.

Apple M4 Pro (14 cores)

The 14-core Apple M4 Pro is a powerful ARM architecture processor (SoC) for laptops and mini-PCs that debuted in Sep 2024. It features 10 performance CPU cores running at up to 4.5 GHz along with 4 efficient cores running at up to 2.6 GHz. The 20-core M4 GPU and at least 24 GB of fast 273 GB/s LPDDR5x on-package memory depending on the configuration are included as well, as is USB 4 and Thunderbolt 5 support.

The built-in 16 core neural engine (up to 38 TOPS) is found across the whole M4 chip family. Furthermore, all M4 processors are thought to be based on the ARM v9.4-A architecture to a certain degree.

Performance

In our testing, the M4 Pro delivered multi-thread benchmark scores very close to those of the 16-core M3 Max as well as the Intel Core i9-12950HX. Some small generation-to-generation improvement is obviously present but it's the new integrated graphics adapters that are the real stars of the show.

Graphics

The 20-core M4 GPU has hardware support for ray tracing as well as mesh shading and other modern technologies. It supports external displays with resolutions as high as "8K" and it can HW-decode a few popular video codecs such as h.264, h.265 and AV1.

Its gaming performance is at least as good as that of the GTX 1660 Ti Laptop. Please keep in mind that very few games have been compiled specifically for Apple silicon Macs meaning most titles have to be run via emulation layers. Some of them are displayed with visual artefacts as a result, or don't start at all.

• The Witcher 3 1080p Ultra = 53 fps (close to the GTX 1660 Ti Laptop)
• Baldur's Gate 3 1440p Ultra = 42 fps (close to the GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop)
• Cyberpunk 2077 2.1 Phantom Liberty 1080p Ultra = 40 fps (close to the GTX 1660 Ti Laptop)

Power consumption

When under heavy CPU and GPU load, the SoC briefly consumes around 80 W before settling at around 70 W later. With no load at all, it makes do with 2 W to 7 W. A single P-core of the chip eats around 6 W when under heavy load.

The 2nd generation 3 nm TSMC process the M4 Pro is built with delivers good power efficiency, as of late 2024.