Sandia Labs shrinks quantum navigation to chip size; GPS-free positioning breakthrough

Researchers at Sandia National Labs have created miniaturized optical chips that could revolutionize quantum navigation technology. These chips enable the development of significantly smaller quantum sensors for precise positioning without relying on GPS satellites.

Traditional navigation-grade motion sensors, roughly the size of a grapefruit, depend on GPS signals for guidance. In contrast, quantum navigation employs atom interferometers to track position and motion independently. However, previous quantum systems required room-sized equipment to house six large atom interferometers.

The Sandia team's breakthrough is creating ultra-compact optical chips that power quantum navigation sensors. These chips integrate photonic circuits to replace bulky laser systems typically used in atom interferometers. The result is a package small enough to be widely deployed.

A key component of this innovation is a modulator capable of precisely controlling and combining multiple laser frequencies from a single source. This eliminates the need for stacking individual lasers, further reducing size and complexity.

Beyond miniaturization, the new chips offer enhanced durability against vibrations and shocks, potentially allowing deployment in challenging environments unsuitable for current models.

Another significant advantage is cost reduction. While existing quantum navigation systems can be prohibitively expensive, with individual laser modulators costing over $10,000, the Sandia team aims to leverage semiconductor manufacturing techniques for mass production. This approach could dramatically decrease costs and increase accessibility.

Jongmin Lee, a Sandia scientist, emphasized the importance of reducing GPS dependency, noting that satellite signals can be disrupted or spoofed, posing risks for military operations and automated transport systems.

The potential applications extend beyond navigation. The team is exploring using these quantum sensors to detect subtle gravitational changes and map underground resources and structures. 

This groundbreaking research has been featured as the cover story in the journal Science Advances, underscoring its significance in quantum technology and navigation.