Notebookcheck Logo

AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U vs AMD Ryzen 3 2200U vs AMD Ryzen 5 2500U

AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U

► remove from comparison AMD R5 PRO 2500U

The AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U is a mobile APU for thin and light business laptops that was announced in January 2017. Compared to the similar consumer Ryzen 5 2500U, the PRO 2500U offers additional security features and longer part availability / warranty.

It includes four Zen cores clocked at 2 to 3.6 GHz and offers 4 MB L3-Cache. The integrated graphics card is called Radeon RX Vega 8 and offers 8 CUs (512 Shaders) clocked at up to 1100 MHz. The TDP is configurable between 12 and 25 Watt (15 Watt nominal). More information on Raven Ridge can be found in our launch article.

AMD Ryzen 3 2200U

► remove from comparison

The AMD Ryzen 3 2200U is a mobile APU for thin and light laptops that was announced in October 2017. It includes two Zen cores clocked at 2.5 to 3.4 GHz and offers SMT (four threads at once) and 4 MB L3-Cache. The integrated graphics card is called Radeon RX Vega 3 and offers only 3 CUs (192 Shaders) clocked at up to 1000 MHz. The TDP is configurable between 12 and 25 Watt (15 Watt nominal).

More information on Raven Ridge can be found in our launch article.

AMD Ryzen 5 2500U

► remove from comparison AMD R5 2500U

The AMD Ryzen 5 2500U is a mobile APU for thin and light laptops that was announced in October 2017. It includes four Zen cores clocked at 2 to 3.6 GHz and offers 4 MB L3-Cache. The integrated graphics card is called Radeon RX Vega 8 and offers 8 CUs (512 Shaders) clocked at up to 1100 MHz. The TDP is configurable between 12 and 25 Watt (15 Watt nominal). More information on Raven Ridge can be found in our launch article.

show full text
ModelAMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500UAMD Ryzen 3 2200UAMD Ryzen 5 2500U
SeriesAMD Raven Ridge (Ryzen 2000 APU)AMD Raven Ridge (Ryzen 2000 APU)AMD Raven Ridge (Ryzen 2000 APU)
CodenameZenZenZen
Series: Raven Ridge (Ryzen 2000 APU) Zen
AMD Ryzen 5 2400G3.6 - 3.9 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 7 2700U2.2 - 3.8 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 2700U2.2 - 3.8 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2200G3.5 - 3.7 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2600H3.2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2500U2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U « 2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2300U2 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2300U2 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded R1606G2.6 - 3.5 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2200U2.5 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2200U2.5 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded R1505G2.4 - 3.3 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Athlon 300U2.4 - 3.3 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2400G3.6 - 3.9 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 7 2700U2.2 - 3.8 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 2700U2.2 - 3.8 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2200G3.5 - 3.7 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2600H3.2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2500U2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2300U2 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2300U2 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded R1606G2.6 - 3.5 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2200U « 2.5 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2200U2.5 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded R1505G2.4 - 3.3 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Athlon 300U2.4 - 3.3 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2400G3.6 - 3.9 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 7 2700U2.2 - 3.8 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 2700U2.2 - 3.8 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2200G3.5 - 3.7 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2600H3.2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 2500U « 2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B2 - 3.6 GHz4 / 8 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2300U2 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2300U2 - 3.4 GHz4 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded R1606G2.6 - 3.5 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 2200U2.5 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2200U2.5 - 3.4 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Ryzen Embedded R1505G2.4 - 3.3 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
AMD Athlon 300U2.4 - 3.3 GHz2 / 4 cores4 MB L3
Clock2000 - 3600 MHz2500 - 3400 MHz2000 - 3600 MHz
L1 Cache384 KB192 KB384 KB
L2 Cache2 MB1 MB2 MB
L3 Cache4 MB4 MB4 MB
Cores / Threads4 / 82 / 44 / 8
TDP15 Watt15 Watt15 Watt
Transistors4500 Million4500 Million4500 Million
Technology14 nm14 nm14 nm
max. Temp.105 °C
SocketAM4AM4AM4
FeaturesXFR, FMA3, SSE 4.2, AVX2, SMTXFR, FMA3, SSE 4.2, AVX2, SMTXFR, FMA3, SSE 4.2, AVX2, SMT
iGPUAMD Radeon RX Vega 8 (Ryzen 2000/3000) ( - 1100 MHz)AMD Radeon RX Vega 3 ( - 1000 MHz)AMD Radeon RX Vega 8 (Ryzen 2000/3000) ( - 1100 MHz)
Architecturex86x86x86
Announced
Manufacturerwww.amd.com

Benchmarks

Performance Rating - CB R15 + R20 + 7-Zip + X265 + Blender + 3DM11 CPU - R5 2500U
25.9 pt (36%)
AMD E1-2100
2.47 -90%
...
AMD Ryzen 3 3300U
24.6 -5%
Intel Core i7-2860QM
24.6 -5%
Intel Core i7-8500Y
24.6 -5%
Intel Core i5-1030NG7
25 -3%
Intel Core i3-8109U
25.1 -3%
AMD Ryzen 5 3450U
25.1 -3%
AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B
25.3 -2%
Intel Core i5-6287U
25.4 -2%
Intel Core i7-6567U
25.6 -1%
AMD Ryzen 5 2500U
25.9
AMD Ryzen 7 3700U
26 0%
Intel Processor N95
26.1 1%
AMD Ryzen 5 3580U
26.2 1%
Intel Core i5-8250U
26.2 1%
AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 3500U
26.2 1%
Intel Processor N100
26.3 2%
AMD Ryzen 7 2700U
26.5 2%
AMD Ryzen 5 3500U
26.5 2%
Intel Core i3-1110G4
26.7 3%
...
AMD Ryzen 9 7945HX3D
57 120%
max:
AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7995WX
72.1 178%
0%
100%
Cinebench R20 - Cinebench R20 CPU (Single Core)
min: 338     avg: 351     median: 354.5 (39%)     max: 357 Points
Cinebench R20 - Cinebench R20 CPU (Multi Core)
min: 1103     avg: 1267     median: 1298.5 (3%)     max: 1367 Points
Cinebench R15 - Cinebench R15 CPU Multi 64 Bit
min: 541     avg: 561     median: 553 (3%)     max: 589 Points
min: 275     avg: 311.8     median: 312 (2%)     max: 348 Points
min: 510     avg: 598     median: 609 (4%)     max: 642 Points
Cinebench R15 - Cinebench R15 CPU Single 64 Bit
min: 132     avg: 135     median: 134 (40%)     max: 139 Points
min: 105     avg: 116.8     median: 117 (35%)     max: 128 Points
min: 124     avg: 136.2     median: 137 (41%)     max: 142 Points
Cinebench R11.5 - Cinebench R11.5 CPU Multi 64 Bit
min: 6.04     avg: 6.3     median: 6.1 (8%)     max: 6.74 Points
min: 2.68     avg: 3     median: 3 (4%)     max: 3.29 Points
min: 5.71     avg: 6.5     median: 6.6 (9%)     max: 6.91 Points
Cinebench R11.5 - Cinebench R11.5 CPU Single 64 Bit
min: 1.5     avg: 1.5     median: 1.6 (39%)     max: 1.58 Points
min: 0.85     avg: 1.1     median: 1.1 (28%)     max: 1.44 Points
min: 1.53     avg: 1.6     median: 1.6 (39%)     max: 1.61 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Single (32bit)
min: 4204     avg: 4312     median: 4349 (26%)     max: 4382 Points
min: 3729     avg: 3978     median: 3977.5 (24%)     max: 4226 Points
min: 4103     avg: 4371     median: 4410.5 (27%)     max: 4473 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Multi (32bit)
min: 12294     avg: 14380     median: 14336 (10%)     max: 16509 Points
min: 6745     avg: 7776     median: 7775.5 (6%)     max: 8806 Points
min: 13850     avg: 15426     median: 15683.5 (11%)     max: 16471 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Multi (64bit)
min: 20209     avg: 20660     median: 20659.5 (14%)     max: 21110 Points
Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Rend. Single (64bit)
min: 6921     avg: 7052     median: 7052 (9%)     max: 7183 Points
wPrime 2.10 - wPrime 2.0 1024m *
min: 386.4     avg: 386.6     median: 386.6 (5%)     max: 386.7 s
459.3 s (5%)
min: 251.1     avg: 313.5     median: 313.5 (4%)     max: 375.9 s
wPrime 2.10 - wPrime 2.0 32m *
min: 12.25     avg: 12.4     median: 12.4 (2%)     max: 12.47 s
14.3 s (3%)
min: 7.819     avg: 10.2     median: 10.2 (2%)     max: 12.64 s
WinRAR - WinRAR 4.0
min: 2677     avg: 2700     median: 2699.5 (4%)     max: 2722 Points
min: 1436     avg: 1545     median: 1545 (2%)     max: 1654 Points
min: 2416     avg: 2426     median: 2425.5 (4%)     max: 2435 Points
7-Zip 18.03 - 7-Zip 18.03 Multli Thread 4 runs
2794 MIPS (2%)
min: 15360     avg: 16200     median: 16251 (9%)     max: 16988 MIPS
7-Zip 18.03 - 7-Zip 18.03 Single Thread 4 runs
4102 MIPS (49%)
min: 2924     avg: 3269     median: 3441 (41%)     max: 3443 MIPS
X264 HD Benchmark 4.0 - x264 Pass 2
min: 32.42     avg: 33.9     median: 33.9 (12%)     max: 35.4 fps
17.8 fps (6%)
min: 33     avg: 34.7     median: 34.7 (12%)     max: 36.4 fps
X264 HD Benchmark 4.0 - x264 Pass 1
min: 68.4     avg: 97.7     median: 97.7 (23%)     max: 127 fps
92 fps (21%)
min: 118     avg: 121     median: 121 (28%)     max: 124 fps
HWBOT x265 Benchmark v2.2 - HWBOT x265 4k Preset
3 fps (5%)
min: 3.6     avg: 3.7     median: 3.7 (6%)     max: 3.74 fps
TrueCrypt - TrueCrypt Serpent
min: 0.376     avg: 0.4     median: 0.4 (0%)     max: 0.409 GB/s
min: 0.201     avg: 0.2     median: 0.2 (0%)     max: 0.22 GB/s
min: 0.357     avg: 0.4     median: 0.4 (0%)     max: 0.403 GB/s
TrueCrypt - TrueCrypt Twofish
min: 0.54     avg: 0.6     median: 0.6 (10%)     max: 0.662 GB/s
min: 0.285     avg: 0.3     median: 0.3 (6%)     max: 0.355 GB/s
min: 0.543     avg: 0.6     median: 0.6 (10%)     max: 0.568 GB/s
TrueCrypt - TrueCrypt AES
min: 3.3     avg: 3.4     median: 3.4 (9%)     max: 3.5 GB/s
min: 2     avg: 2.1     median: 2.1 (5%)     max: 2.2 GB/s
min: 3.2     avg: 3.3     median: 3.3 (9%)     max: 3.4 GB/s
Blender - Blender 2.79 BMW27 CPU *
min: 900     avg: 1007     median: 1007 (7%)     max: 1114 Seconds
min: 757     avg: 771     median: 770.5 (5%)     max: 784 Seconds
3DMark 06 - CPU - 3DMark 06 - CPU
min: 3945     avg: 5161     median: 5635 (12%)     max: 5904 Points
min: 3006     avg: 3387     median: 3386.5 (7%)     max: 3767 Points
min: 4155     avg: 4952     median: 4828 (10%)     max: 5873 Points
Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 1M - Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 1M *
min: 12.56     avg: 12.7     median: 12.7 (3%)     max: 12.84 s
min: 12.96     avg: 13     median: 13 (3%)     max: 13 s
min: 11.77     avg: 17.7     median: 12.3 (3%)     max: 29 s
Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 2M - Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 2M *
min: 28.85     avg: 29.4     median: 29.3 (1%)     max: 29.84 s
min: 29.71     avg: 30.9     median: 30.9 (1%)     max: 32 s
min: 26.95     avg: 27.4     median: 27.3 (1%)     max: 28 s
Super Pi Mod 1.5 XS 32M - Super Pi mod 1.5 XS 32M *
min: 714     avg: 729     median: 728.5 (3%)     max: 743 s
min: 750     avg: 757     median: 756.5 (3%)     max: 763 s
min: 685     avg: 696     median: 697 (3%)     max: 706 s
3DMark Vantage - 3DM Vant. Perf. CPU no Physx
min: 9576     avg: 9917     median: 9916.5 (9%)     max: 10257 Points
min: 14732     avg: 17114     median: 15610 (14%)     max: 21001 Points
3DMark 11 - 3DM11 Performance Physics
min: 5540     avg: 5874     median: 5673 (15%)     max: 6608 Points
min: 2831     avg: 3344     median: 3327 (9%)     max: 3873 Points
min: 3941     avg: 5637     median: 5973 (16%)     max: 6648 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Physics
min: 34587     avg: 35370     median: 35245 (29%)     max: 36279 Points
43616 Points (35%)
min: 31155     avg: 32374     median: 31862 (26%)     max: 34052 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Extreme Physics
min: 30318     avg: 33819     median: 35419 (29%)     max: 35721 Points
43415 Points (35%)
min: 29317     avg: 32015     median: 32593.5 (26%)     max: 33556 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Unlimited Physics
min: 28138     avg: 29521     median: 29789 (25%)     max: 30637 Points
min: 36120     avg: 42472     median: 42471.5 (36%)     max: 48823 Points
min: 28284     avg: 32266     median: 32009.5 (27%)     max: 37624 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Cloud Gate Physics
min: 3259     avg: 5254     median: 5586.5 (14%)     max: 6584 Points
min: 2206     avg: 2687     median: 2716 (7%)     max: 3140 Points
min: 1579     avg: 4508     median: 4609.5 (12%)     max: 6591 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Fire Strike Standard Physics
min: 6370     avg: 8014     median: 8405 (15%)     max: 8877 Points
min: 4073     avg: 4412     median: 4571 (8%)     max: 4591 Points
min: 4922     avg: 7508     median: 7807 (14%)     max: 9138 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Time Spy CPU
min: 1922     avg: 2225     median: 2322 (10%)     max: 2432 Points
1310 Points (6%)
min: 2166     avg: 2523     median: 2566 (11%)     max: 2821 Points
Geekbench 5.5 - Geekbench 5.1 - 5.4 64 Bit Single-Core
887 Points (37%)
667 Points (28%)
831 Points (35%)
Geekbench 5.5 - Geekbench 5.1 - 5.4 64 Bit Multi-Core
3135 Points (6%)
1267 Points (2%)
2515 Points (5%)
Geekbench 4.4 - Geekbench 4.1 - 4.4 64 Bit Single-Core
min: 3353     avg: 3492     median: 3492 (35%)     max: 3631 Points
3583 Points (36%)
min: 3275     avg: 3641     median: 3703 (37%)     max: 3789 Points
Geekbench 4.4 - Geekbench 4.1 - 4.4 64 Bit Multi-Core
min: 9096     avg: 9629     median: 9343 (10%)     max: 10447 Points
6937 Points (8%)
min: 9434     avg: 10029     median: 9952 (11%)     max: 10871 Points
Geekbench 4.0 - Geekbench 4.0 64 Bit Single-Core
min: 3430     avg: 3480     median: 3480 (47%)     max: 3530 Points
3459 Points (47%)
min: 3558     avg: 3582     median: 3581.5 (49%)     max: 3605 Points
Geekbench 4.0 - Geekbench 4.0 64 Bit Multi-Core
min: 9398     avg: 9760     median: 9759.5 (24%)     max: 10121 Points
6644 Points (16%)
min: 9480     avg: 9548     median: 9548 (23%)     max: 9616 Points
Geekbench 3 - Geekbench 3 32 Bit Multi-Core
min: 12111     avg: 12422     median: 12421.5 (22%)     max: 12732 Points
min: 6766     avg: 6827     median: 6826.5 (12%)     max: 6887 Points
min: 10506     avg: 11390     median: 11301 (20%)     max: 12280 Points
Geekbench 3 - Geekbench 3 32 Bit Single-Core
min: 3218     avg: 3326     median: 3326 (65%)     max: 3434 Points
min: 2898     avg: 2925     median: 2925 (57%)     max: 2952 Points
min: 3234     avg: 3379     median: 3383 (66%)     max: 3477 Points
Geekbench 3 - Geekbench 3 64 Bit Multi-Core
min: 12561     avg: 12956     median: 12956 (20%)     max: 13351 Points
min: 7169     avg: 7279     median: 7279 (11%)     max: 7389 Points
min: 11649     avg: 11774     median: 11773.5 (18%)     max: 11898 Points
Geekbench 3 - Geekbench 3 64 Bit Single-Core
min: 3486     avg: 3600     median: 3600 (54%)     max: 3714 Points
min: 3163     avg: 3190     median: 3190 (48%)     max: 3217 Points
min: 3601     avg: 3674     median: 3673.5 (55%)     max: 3746 Points
Geekbench 2 - 32 Bit - Geekbench Stream
min: 5889     avg: 6820     median: 6820 (55%)     max: 7751 Points
7302 Points (59%)
7330 Points (59%)
Geekbench 2 - 32 Bit - Geekbench Memory
min: 5363     avg: 6035     median: 6034.5 (55%)     max: 6706 Points
5378 Points (49%)
6320 Points (57%)
Geekbench 2 - 32 Bit - Geekbench Floating Point
min: 16158     avg: 16310     median: 16310 (32%)     max: 16462 Points
8741 Points (17%)
13912 Points (27%)
Geekbench 2 - 32 Bit - Geekbench Integer
min: 10070     avg: 10169     median: 10168.5 (20%)     max: 10267 Points
7307 Points (15%)
10715 Points (22%)
Geekbench 2 - 32 Bit - Geekbench Total Score
min: 10841     avg: 11156     median: 11156 (29%)     max: 11471 Points
7422 Points (19%)
10616 Points (28%)
Mozilla Kraken 1.1 - Kraken 1.1 Total Score *
min: 1376     avg: 1488     median: 1429 (2%)     max: 1659 ms
min: 1396     avg: 1688     median: 1687.5 (2%)     max: 1979 ms
min: 1138     avg: 1349     median: 1411 (2%)     max: 1443 ms
Sunspider - Sunspider 1.0 Total Score *
138.1 ms (2%)
115.9 ms (1%)
min: 110.2     avg: 122     median: 117 (1%)     max: 143.7 ms
Octane V2 - Octane V2 Total Score
min: 23903     avg: 24308     median: 24308 (22%)     max: 24713 Points
min: 20430     avg: 22930     median: 22930 (21%)     max: 25430 Points
min: 21539     avg: 25871     median: 26534.5 (24%)     max: 29587 Points
WebXPRT 3 - WebXPRT 3 Score
160 Points (33%)
Power Consumption - Prime95 Power Consumption - external Monitor *
25.5 Watt (4%)
32.6 Watt (6%)
Power Consumption - Cinebench R15 Multi Power Consumption - external Monitor *
24 Watt (4%)
39.4 Watt (7%)
Power Consumption - Cinebench R15 Multi Power Efficiency - external Monitor
12.8 Points per Watt (10%)
15.5 Points per Watt (12%)

Average Benchmarks AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U → 100% n=43

Average Benchmarks AMD Ryzen 3 2200U → 79% n=43

Average Benchmarks AMD Ryzen 5 2500U → 100% n=43

- Range of benchmark values for this graphics card
- Average benchmark values for this graphics card
* Smaller numbers mean a higher performance
1 This benchmark is not used for the average calculation

v1.26
log 19. 06:54:13

#0 checking url part for id 10130 +0s ... 0s

#1 checking url part for id 9670 +0s ... 0s

#2 checking url part for id 9310 +0s ... 0s

#3 not redirecting to Ajax server +0s ... 0s

#4 did not recreate cache, as it is less than 5 days old! Created at Fri, 19 Apr 2024 05:38:49 +0200 +0.001s ... 0.001s

#5 composed specs +0.025s ... 0.026s

#6 did output specs +0s ... 0.026s

#7 getting avg benchmarks for device 10130 +0.003s ... 0.029s

#8 got single benchmarks 10130 +0.015s ... 0.043s

#9 getting avg benchmarks for device 9670 +0.003s ... 0.046s

#10 got single benchmarks 9670 +0.027s ... 0.072s

#11 getting avg benchmarks for device 9310 +0.022s ... 0.094s

#12 got single benchmarks 9310 +0.069s ... 0.163s

#13 got avg benchmarks for devices +0s ... 0.163s

#14 min, max, avg, median took s +0.51s ... 0.673s

#15 return log +0s ... 0.673s

Please share our article, every link counts!
> Expert Reviews and News on Laptops, Smartphones and Tech Innovations > Benchmarks / Tech > Processor Comparison - Head 2 Head
Redaktion, 2017-09- 8 (Update: 2023-07- 1)